phức
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Adjective (used as an intensifier):
- Very; intensely; strongly: Used primarily after adjectives describing smells or flavors (like "thơm" - fragrant, or "ngọt" - sweet) to intensify their meaning, indicating a powerful, pervasive, and often pleasant aroma or taste.
Noun (in specialized contexts):
- Complex (chemistry): A technical term used in chemistry to denote a 'complex', as in a coordination compound.
Usage Examples
- Adjective:
- Nước hoa thơm phức. (The perfume is very fragrant.)
- Bánh mì mới ra lò thơm phức. (The freshly baked bread smells deliciously strong.)
- Món canh ngọt phức. (The soup is intensely sweet/savory.)
Advanced Usage
- "phưng phức": A reduplicative form that intensifies the meaning of "phức" even further, expressing an extremely strong and appealing smell, often associated with hot, freshly cooked food.
- Thịt nướng thơm phưng phức. (The grilled meat smells incredibly delicious and aromatic.)
Variants and Related Words
Phức tạp (adj): complicated, complex (in the general sense).
- Tình hình rất phức tạp. (The situation is very complicated.)
Muối phức (n): complex salt (a chemical term).
- Đây là một loại muối phức của coban. (This is a type of cobalt complex salt.)
Synonyms
- Intensely: with extreme strength or degree.
- Strongly: having a powerful effect on the senses, especially smell.
- Deliciously: in a manner that is highly pleasing to taste or smell.
Notes on Usage
- "Phức" is almost never used alone. It functions as a post-positive intensifier, typically attached directly to sensory adjectives like "thơm" (fragrant) or "ngọt" (sweet/savory).
- Its use is highly idiomatic and specific to describing olfactory and gustatory experiences. It carries a connotation of the scent or flavor being rich, deep, and all-encompassing.
- Very (fragrant), very (flavoured), very (sweet-smelling)
- Nước hoa thơm phứcThe scent is very sweet
- Phưng phức (láy, ý tăng)
- Chả nướng thơm phưng phứcThe broiled meat smelled very flavoured