placebo

/plə'si:bou/

Thân thiện

A patient takes a placebo during a clinical trial.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • (Medicine) An inert substance or treatment: A "placebo" is a substance or treatment that has no therapeutic effect, often given to a patient to satisfy their psychological need for medication or used as a control in clinical trials.
   • (Historical, Roman Catholic Church) Vespers of the office for the dead: In a historical religious context, "placebo" referred to the vespers service for the dead, from the opening antiphon "Placebo Domino..." (I will please the Lord...).

Usage Examples

• Noun (Medical):
  • Half the participants in the drug trial received the actual medication, while the other half were given a placebo.
  • The patient's headache improved after taking the placebo, demonstrating the power of the mind.
• Noun (Historical/Religious):
  • The choir sang the placebo at the evening service for the deceased.

Advanced Usage

• "Placebo effect": A beneficial effect produced by a placebo drug or treatment, which cannot be attributed to the properties of the placebo itself and must therefore be due to the patient's belief in the treatment.
  • The strong placebo effect observed in the study made it difficult to measure the drug's true efficacy.
• "Placebo-controlled trial": A scientific study in which one group receives the treatment being tested and another group receives a placebo, allowing researchers to compare the effects.
  • The new vaccine was proven effective in a large, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Variants and Related Words

• Placebo effect (n): The phenomenon where a fake treatment improves a patient's condition simply because the patient expects it to work.
• Placebo-controlled (adj): Describing a study or trial that uses a placebo group for comparison.

Synonyms

• Inert substance: A chemically inactive material.
• Sugar pill: A common informal term for a placebo in pill form.
• Dummy treatment: A simulated medical intervention.

Related Phrases and Idioms

• "To be a placebo": To function as something that provides psychological comfort but no real solution.
  • The new policy is just a placebo; it doesn't address the root cause of the problem.

Học thuật

Noun

1. (Roman Catholic Church) vespers of the office for the dead
2. an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug