preemption

Thân thiện

The city council passed a law, but federal preemption made it invalid.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • The act or right of acquiring or taking something before others: The action of securing or claiming something in advance, often giving the acquirer priority over others.
   • The right of a government to seize or appropriate private property for public use: A legal authority allowing a government to take possession of something, typically with compensation.
   • A legal doctrine establishing the superiority of one set of laws over another: Specifically, the principle that federal law supersedes or overrides conflicting state law on the same subject matter.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • The company's preemption of the prime advertising slots left no opportunities for its competitors.
  • The state's law was invalid due to federal preemption.
  • The government's preemption of the land was necessary for the new highway project.

Advanced Usage

• "Doctrine of preemption": The legal principle, especially in U.S. constitutional law, that federal legislation takes precedence over state legislation.
  • The court's ruling was based on the doctrine of preemption.
• "Right of preemption": A contractual or legal privilege to buy something before it is offered to others.
  • The tenant had the right of preemption to purchase the apartment.

Variants and Related Words

• Preempt (verb): To take action to prevent something from happening, or to acquire or appropriate something before others.
  • The network will preempt regular programming for a news special.
• Preemptive (adjective): Done to gain an advantage or prevent an anticipated event.
  • The army took preemptive action against the threat.

Synonyms

• Anticipation: The act of anticipating; taking action before something happens.
• Supersession: The act of replacing or supplanting something, especially in a legal context.
• Appropriation: The act of taking something for one's own use, typically without the owner's permission (often used in a governmental context).

Related Phrases

• Preemption claim: A legal assertion based on the right of preemption.
  • The lawsuit was a preemption claim against the state regulation.
• Field preemption: A type of legal preemption where federal law is so comprehensive it occupies the entire field of regulation, leaving no room for state laws.
  • The federal statute on aviation safety resulted in field preemption.

Học thuật

Noun

1. a prior appropriation of something
   • the preemption of bandwidth by commercial interests
2. the right to purchase something in advance of others
3. the right of a government to seize or appropriate something (as property)
4. the judicial principle asserting the supremacy of federal over state legislation on the same subject

Từ đồng nghĩa

• pre-emption