presumption

/pri'zʌmpʃn/
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Thân thiện
presumption

A lawyer objected to the witness's presumption during the trial.

Definition
  1. Noun:
    • An act or instance of presuming; behavior or attitude perceived as overstepping bounds, showing undue confidence, or lacking proper respect: An act of taking something for granted or behaving with excessive boldness, often considered rude or arrogant.
    • A belief or assumption based on reasonable evidence or probability; something that is accepted as true until proven otherwise: An inference or conclusion drawn from known facts or circumstances.
    • (Law) An inference as to the existence or truth of a fact, drawn from other facts that are known or proved: A legal principle where a fact is assumed true based on established evidence, shifting the burden of proof.
Examples of Usage
  • Noun (Behavioral):
    • It was sheer presumption for him to make such an important decision without consulting the board.
    • Her presumption in speaking for the entire group was met with silence.
  • Noun (Logical/Legal):
    • The presumption of innocence is a fundamental principle in many legal systems.
    • There is a strong presumption that the sun will rise tomorrow, based on consistent past experience.
Advanced Usage
  • "A presumption of fact": A conclusion about a fact that is drawn from other established facts, but which can be rebutted by contrary evidence.
    • The court operated on a presumption of fact that the letter had been received, as it was sent via registered mail.
  • "To act on/under the presumption that...": To behave based on the assumption that something is true.
    • We are acting on the presumption that the funding will be approved, so we have started preliminary work.
Variants and Related Words
  • Presumptive (adj): Based on a reasonable assumption or probability.
    • He is the presumptive heir to the estate.
  • Presumptuous (adj): Failing to observe the limits of what is permitted or appropriate; overly bold or confident.
    • It was presumptuous of him to assume he was invited.
Synonyms
  • Assumption: Something accepted as true without proof.
  • Arrogance: An attitude of superiority manifested in an overbearing manner.
  • Effrontery: Insolent or impertinent behavior.
Related Phrases
  • "Rebuttable presumption" (Legal): A presumption that can be overturned by presenting contrary evidence.
    • The defendant's claim of self-defense created a rebuttable presumption that needed to be examined.
  • "Conclusive presumption" (Legal): A presumption that cannot be challenged by any additional evidence.
    • In that jurisdiction, a child under ten is under a conclusive presumption of incapacity to commit a crime.
Related Idioms
  • "Presumption of guilt": The assumption that a person is guilty, often used to criticize a process that does not uphold the principle of "innocent until proven guilty."
    • The media coverage created a public presumption of guilt before the trial even began.
presumption

A lawyer objected to the witness's presumption during the trial.

Noun
  1. a kind of discourtesy in the form of an act of presuming
    • his presumption was intolerable
  2. audacious (even arrogant) behavior that you have no right to
    • he despised them for their presumptuousness
  3. (law) an inference of the truth of a fact from other facts proved or admitted or judicially noticed
  4. an assumption that is taken for granted

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