prion
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Noun: * An infectious protein particle: A type of infectious agent composed solely of protein, lacking DNA or RNA. It is known for causing abnormal folding of specific normal cellular proteins, primarily in the brain, leading to neurodegenerative diseases.
Usage
- Prions are not alive like bacteria or viruses but are misfolded proteins that can trigger other proteins to misfold.
- The term is used primarily in microbiology, neurology, and medicine when discussing transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs).
- It functions as a countable noun (e.g., , ).
Examples
- Scientific Context:
- The researcher studied how the prion propagates in neural tissue.
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans is caused by prions.
- Unlike viruses, prions contain no genetic material.
Advanced Usage
- Prion disease: A term for any of the fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by prions.
- Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease, is a prion disease.
- Prion hypothesis: The scientific theory that infectious proteins are responsible for certain neurodegenerative diseases.
- Stanley Prusiner's prion hypothesis was initially controversial.
Variants and Related Words
- Prion-like: (adjective) Having properties or mechanisms similar to those of a prion.
- Some researchers are investigating prion-like mechanisms in other neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
- Prion protein (PrP): The specific protein that, when misfolded, becomes a prion. The normal cellular form is denoted PrP^C, and the pathogenic, misfolded form is PrP^Sc.
- The normal function of the cellular prion protein is not fully understood.
Synonyms
- Proteinaceous infectious particle: The formal descriptive term for a prion.
- Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agent: A descriptive synonym focusing on the disease it causes.
Notes on Meaning
The word prion has a highly specialized meaning in science and medicine. It does not have common idiomatic or phrasal verb uses. Its core definition is consistently that of an infectious protein agent causing fatal brain diseases.
Noun
- (microbiology) an infectious protein particle similar to a virus but lacking nucleic acid; thought to be the agent responsible for scrapie and other degenerative diseases of the nervous system