Definition

1. Noun:
   • A philosophical doctrine: In philosophy, probabilism is the theory that, as absolute certainty is impossible, probability provides an adequate foundation for belief and conduct.
   • A system in moral theology: In Roman Catholic moral theology, probabilism is a system of casuistry which holds that if a solidly probable opinion favors the lawfulness of an action, one may licitly follow it, even if the opposing opinion is more probable.

Usage Examples

• Noun (Philosophical context):

  • The scientist adopted probabilism, acknowledging that her conclusions were based on the best available evidence, not absolute certainty.
  • In the absence of definitive proof, probabilism offers a practical guide for decision-making.

• Noun (Theological context):

  • The priest explained the principle of probabilism when discussing a complex moral dilemma.
  • Debates within the Church often centered on the application of probabilism versus more rigorous moral systems.

Advanced Usage

• "Argumentative probabilism": A stance in debate or reasoning where one accepts the most probable conclusion among competing arguments.
  • His legal strategy was one of argumentative probabilism, presenting the jury with the most likely sequence of events.

Variants and Related Words

• Probabilist (noun): An adherent or advocate of probabilism.
  • The probabilist argued for a more lenient interpretation of the rule.
• Probabilistic (adjective): Relating to or based on probability.
  • He made a probabilistic forecast about the election outcome.

Synonyms

• Fallibilism (in philosophical contexts, emphasizing the possibility of error in all beliefs).
• Casuistry (specifically in the theological context, referring to the application of general ethical principles to particular cases of conscience).

Related Phrases

• Solidly probable opinion: A key technical phrase within theological probabilism, denoting an opinion backed by good reasons or authorities, making it safe to follow.
  • The doctrine of probabilism hinges on the concept of a solidly probable opinion.

Noun

1. (philosophy) the doctrine that (since certainty is unattainable) probability is a sufficient basis for belief and action
2. a Roman Catholic system of casuistry that when expert opinions differ an actor can follow any solidly probable opinion that he wishes even though some different opinion might be more probable