proven

/proven/

Thân thiện

A scientist holds up a chart with proven results.

Definition

Adjective: 1. Established as true or valid through evidence or demonstration: Something that is "proven" has been shown to be factual, effective, or reliable based on testing, experience, or logical argument. It is no longer just a theory or claim. 2. Having a demonstrated record of success or reliability: Used to describe a person, method, or thing with a history of achieving the desired results.

Usage Examples

• Adjective:
  • The scientist presented a proven theory supported by decades of research.
  • We need a proven method to increase sales, not just a new idea.
  • He is a proven leader who has successfully managed several large projects.

Advanced Usage

• "Not proven": A formal verdict in Scottish law, indicating the prosecution's case was not sufficiently established, but the accused is not declared innocent. In general use, it means something lacks conclusive evidence.
  • The allegations against him were not proven.
• "Proven beyond a reasonable doubt": The high standard of proof required for a criminal conviction, meaning the evidence leaves no logical doubt of guilt.
  • The jury found him guilty because his involvement was proven beyond a reasonable doubt.

Variants and Related Words

• Prove (verb): To demonstrate the truth or existence of something through evidence or argument.
  • She aims to prove her hypothesis with this experiment.
• Proof (noun): The evidence or argument that establishes a fact or the truth of a statement.
  • He submitted the document as proof of his identity.
• Provenance (noun): The place of origin or earliest known history of something; its pedigree.
  • The painting's provenance was carefully documented.

Synonyms

• Established: Firmly settled or recognized.
• Verified: Confirmed to be true or accurate.
• Confirmed: Strengthened in opinion or made certain.
• Tested: Having undergone trials to ensure quality or performance.
• Demonstrated: Shown clearly by evidence or example.

Antonyms

• Unproven: Not demonstrated or verified by evidence.
• Theoretical: Based on theory rather than experience or practice.
• Alleged: Said, without proof, to have taken place or to have a specified illegal or undesirable quality.
• Speculative: Engaged in, expressing, or based on conjecture rather than knowledge.

Related Phrases and Idioms

• The exception that proves the rule: An idiom meaning an apparent exception to a rule actually serves to confirm the rule's existence, because the rule is only noteworthy if exceptions are rare.
  • He's usually late, so his being on time today is the exception that proves the rule.
• Prove oneself: To demonstrate one's abilities, worth, or character through actions.
  • As a new employee, she was eager to prove herself.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. established beyond doubt
   • a proven liar
   • a Soviet leader of proven shrewdness

Từ đồng nghĩa

• proved