recalcitrance
/ri'kælsitrəns/ Cách viết khác : (recalcitration) /ri,kælsi'treiʃn/
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Noun: 1. The quality or state of being unmanageable, disobedient, or resistant to authority or control. It describes a stubborn refusal to obey rules or follow instructions. 2. Defiant resistance. It implies an active, often obstinate, opposition to guidance or discipline.
Usage
Recalcitrance is a formal noun used to describe a person's or sometimes an animal's persistent, difficult-to-control behavior. It is often used in contexts involving authority, discipline, management, or training. * It typically functions as the subject or object of a sentence. * Common collocations include: show recalcitrance, overcome recalcitrance, face recalcitrance, due to recalcitrance.
Examples
- The teacher struggled with the student's recalcitrance in completing assignments.
- The union's recalcitrance at the negotiating table led to a prolonged strike.
- Despite numerous warnings, his recalcitrance resulted in his dismissal from the team.
- The government met with recalcitrance from local leaders when trying to implement the new policy.
Advanced Usage
- Institutional/Systemic Recalcitrance: Used to describe the resistance of an organization or system to change.
- The reform efforts failed due to the institutional recalcitrance of the old bureaucracy.
- Philosophical/Literary Context: Can describe the resistant nature of a material, concept, or problem.
- The poet wrote about the recalcitrance of memory, its refusal to be neatly ordered.
Variants and Related Words
- Recalcitrant (adjective): Stubbornly resistant to authority or control.
- The recalcitrant child refused to eat his vegetables.
- Recalcitrate (verb, archaic): To show strong opposition or resistance. (Rarely used in modern English).
Synonyms
- Defiance: Open resistance; bold disobedience.
- Insubordination: Refusal to submit to authority.
- Intransigence: Unwillingness to change one's views or agree.
- Obduracy: Stubborn refusal to change one's opinion or course of action.
- Refractoriness: The quality of being unmanageable or stubborn.
Antonyms
- Compliance: The action or fact of complying with a wish or command.
- Obedience: Compliance with an order, request, or law.
- Docility: Ready to accept control or instruction; submissive.
- Tractability: The quality of being easily controlled or influenced.
Noun
- the trait of being unmanageable