russian

/'rʌʃn/

Thân thiện

A woman in traditional Russian dress performs a folk dance.

Definition

1. Adjective:

   • Of or pertaining to Russia: Relating to the country of Russia, its territory, or its government.
   • Of or pertaining to the people of Russia: Relating to the citizens or ethnic groups native to Russia.
   • Of or pertaining to the culture of Russia: Relating to the arts, customs, and social institutions of Russia.
   • Of or pertaining to the Russian language: Relating to the Slavic language spoken primarily in Russia.

2. Noun:

   • A native or inhabitant of Russia: A person who was born in or is a citizen of Russia.
   • The Slavic language of Russia: The official language of Russia, belonging to the East Slavic group of the Indo-European language family.

Examples

• Adjective:
  • She is a Russian diplomat. (She is a diplomat from Russia.)
  • We visited a Russian art museum. (We visited an art museum dedicated to Russian culture.)
  • He is studying Russian history. (He is studying the history of Russia.)
• Noun (Person):
  • My neighbor is a Russian. (My neighbor is a person from Russia.)
• Noun (Language):
  • She speaks fluent Russian. (She is fluent in the Russian language.)
  • Is Russian difficult to learn? (Is the Russian language difficult to learn?)

Advanced Usage

• "The Russian": Can be used to refer to a specific, known Russian person or a stereotypical representation.
  • In the novel, the Russian is a mysterious figure.
• Used in compound nationalities or ethnicities within Russia (e.g., Russian Jew, Russian German). These are considered separate compound terms.

Variants and Related Words

• Russia (n): The country itself.
• Russify (v): To make Russian in character or form.
• Russophile (n): A person who is fond of or admires Russia or Russian culture.
• Russophobia (n): A fear or dislike of Russia or Russian policies.

Synonyms

• Adjective: Muscovite (historical/poetic, relating to Moscow or Russia).
• Noun (Person): Rossiyanin (a formal Russian term for a Russian citizen).
• Noun (Language): (No direct synonym; it is a specific language name).

Related Phrases

• Russian roulette: A deadly game of chance involving a revolver with a single bullet.
  • He compared the stock market to Russian roulette.
• Russian doll (or matryoshka doll): A set of wooden dolls of decreasing size placed one inside another.
  • The concept was like a Russian doll, with layers within layers.
• Russian blue: A breed of cat with a bluish-grey coat.
• Russian dressing: A salad dressing typically made with mayonnaise, ketchup, and other ingredients.

Notes on Usage

• The word Russian is always capitalized.
• When referring to the language, it is often used without the article "the" (e.g., "I study Russian"), though "the Russian language" is also correct.
• As a noun for a person, the plural is Russians.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. of or pertaining to or characteristic of Russia or its people or culture or language
   • Russian dancing

Noun

1. the Slavic language that is the official language of Russia
2. a native or inhabitant of Russia

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