Definition

1. Noun:
   • Mandarinate, mandarindom: "Sĩ hoạn" refers to the collective body or class of mandarins (scholar-officials) in historical Vietnamese society, or the system of governance by mandarins.
   • Mandarin (archaic): In its older usage, it can also refer to an individual mandarin (a scholar-official).

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • Trường sĩ hoạn là nơi đào tạo quan lại thời phong kiến. (The mandarinate school was a place for training officials in the feudal era.)
  • Giới sĩ hoạn đóng vai trò quan trọng trong triều đình. (The mandarinate played an important role in the royal court.)

Advanced Usage

• "Trường sĩ hoạn": A school for mandarins; an institution for training scholar-officials in historical Vietnam.
  • Văn Miếu - Quốc Tử Giám từng là một trường sĩ hoạn nổi tiếng. (The Temple of Literature - Imperial Academy was once a famous mandarinate school.)

Variants and Related Words

• Quan lại (n): Officials, bureaucrats. (A more general and modern term for government officials, whereas "sĩ hoạn" is historical and specific to the mandarin system.)
• Nho sĩ (n): Confucian scholar. (Often a precursor or a member of the "sĩ hoạn" class.)

Synonyms

• Mandarinat: (From French) Mandarinate.
• Giới quan lại: The class of officials.

Notes on Usage

• Register: This is an archaic term ("từ cũ"). It is used primarily in historical, literary, or academic contexts to discuss Vietnam's feudal administrative system. It is not used in contemporary language to refer to modern civil servants or officials.
• Meaning Focus: The term strongly emphasizes the Confucian scholar-official class, combining the ideas of scholarly learning ("sĩ") and official service ("hoạn").

1. (từ cũ) Mandarin
2. Mandarinate, mandarindom