sophisticated

/sə'fistikeitid/

Thân thiện

A sophisticated electronic control system manages the factory's operations.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Having a refined understanding of complex matters; worldly and cultured: Describes a person, group, or thing that shows experience, knowledge, and appreciation of complex, often cultural or intellectual, subjects.
   • Intricate, advanced, and often complex in design or function: Describes technology, systems, or ideas that are highly developed, elaborate, and not simple.
   • Not naive; aware of and often involved in the complexities of life and society: Describes a person who is not easily deceived and understands the ways of the world.

Examples of Usage

• Describing a person or group:
  • She is a sophisticated traveler who appreciates local art and cuisine.
  • The magazine is aimed at a sophisticated readership.
• Describing technology or systems:
  • The lab uses sophisticated equipment for genetic research.
  • It's a surprisingly sophisticated piece of software for beginners.
• Describing an idea or style:
  • The film offers a sophisticated critique of modern politics.
  • His taste in wine is very sophisticated.

Advanced Usage

• "Sophisticated" vs. "Complicated": While both can describe complexity, "sophisticated" often implies a desirable, elegant, or intelligent complexity, whereas "complicated" can be neutral or negative.
  • A sophisticated algorithm (implies clever, efficient design).
  • A complicated set of instructions (may imply difficulty or confusion).
• In a negative or ironic sense: Can sometimes imply being overly refined, artificial, or cynical.
  • He gave a sophisticated shrug, as if he had seen it all before.

Variants and Related Words

• Sophisticate (noun): A sophisticated person.
  • The party was full of wealthy sophisticates.
• Sophistication (noun): The quality of being sophisticated.
  • The design combines power with sophistication.
• Unsophisticated (adjective): Lacking sophistication; simple or naive.
  • He has an unsophisticated but genuine charm.

Synonyms

• Cultured: Having refined taste and manners.
• Worldly: Experienced and knowledgeable about human affairs.
• Complex: Consisting of many connected parts; intricate.
• Advanced: Highly developed or modern.

Antonyms

• Naive: Lacking experience, wisdom, or judgment.
• Simple: Easily understood or done; plain.
• Crude: Rough or simple, not skillfully made or refined.
• Unsophisticated: Lacking refined worldly knowledge or tastes.

Related Idioms and Phrases

• A sophisticated palate: The ability to appreciate and distinguish complex flavors in food and drink.
  • Years in Paris gave her a sophisticated palate for wine.
• Sophisticated humor: Humor that is subtle, intelligent, and may require specific knowledge to understand.
  • The cartoon's sophisticated humor appeals more to adults than children.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. intellectually appealing
   • a sophisticated drama
2. ahead in development; complex or intricate
   • advanced technology
   • a sophisticated electronic control system
3. having or appealing to those having worldly knowledge and refinement and savoir-faire
   • sophisticated young socialites
   • a sophisticated audience
   • a sophisticated lifestyle
   • a sophisticated book

Từ đồng nghĩa

• advanced