summation
/sʌ'meiʃn/
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
- Noun:
- The arithmetic operation of summing; calculating the sum of two or more numbers: The act or process of adding numbers together to find a total.
- The final aggregate; the total amount resulting from the addition of parts: The whole amount or quantity resulting from the combination of elements.
- (Physiology) The process whereby multiple stimuli can produce a response that one stimulus alone does not produce: A cumulative effect in nerve or muscle tissue where a series of stimuli combine to trigger a reaction.
- A concluding summary, especially in a legal argument: A final, comprehensive review of the main points of a case, typically presented at the end of a trial.
Usage Examples
- Arithmetic Operation:
- The summation of the column of figures revealed a significant profit.
- Performing the summation manually can be time-consuming for large datasets.
- Final Aggregate:
- The report presented a summation of the year's achievements.
- The summation of all the evidence pointed to a single conclusion.
- Physiology:
- Temporal summation occurs when a neuron fires after receiving multiple signals in quick succession.
- Legal Summary:
- The defense attorney delivered a powerful summation to the jury.
- In his summation, the prosecutor reiterated the key facts of the case.
Advanced Usage
- "In summation": Used to introduce a final, concise statement or conclusion.
- In summation, the project was a success despite the initial challenges.
- Mathematical Notation: Often represented by the uppercase Greek letter sigma (Σ) in formal mathematics.
- The formula uses summation to calculate the total.
Variants and Related Words
- Sum (n): The result of an addition.
- Summative (adj): Relating to or acting as a summary; evaluating cumulative learning.
- Summate (v): To sum up; to add together. (Less common than 'summarize' or 'add').
Synonyms
- Addition: The process of adding numbers.
- Total: The whole amount.
- Aggregate: A whole formed by combining several elements.
- Recapitulation: A concise summary.
Related Phrases
- Summation of forces: (Physics) The combined effect of multiple forces acting on an object.
- Opening/Closing summation: (Law) The initial or final summary statement in a trial.
Related Idioms
- The long and short of it: A phrase meaning a brief summation.
Noun
- the arithmetic operation of summing; calculating the sum of two or more numbers
- the summation of four and three gives seven
- four plus three equals seven
- the final aggregate
- the sum of all our troubles did not equal the misery they suffered
- (physiology) the process whereby multiple stimuli can produce a response (in a muscle or nerve or other part) that one stimulus alone does not produce
- a concluding summary (as in presenting a case before a law court)