Definition

Noun: - In music theory, the supertonic is the second degree (note) of a diatonic scale. It is the note immediately above the tonic (the first and primary note of the scale).

Usage

The term "supertonic" is used exclusively in music theory and analysis to identify a specific scale degree and its harmonic function. - It functions as a noun to name this particular note. - It is often used when discussing chord progressions, as the chord built on this degree (the supertonic chord, e.g., ii or ii⁶ in Roman numeral analysis) is very common.

Examples

• In the C major scale (C, D, E, F, G, A, B), D is the supertonic.
• The chord progression from the supertonic to the dominant is a hallmark of classical harmony.
• Analyze the role of the supertonic in this musical phrase.

Advanced Usage

• Supertonic Chord: The chord built on the supertonic note. In a major key, it is typically a minor triad (ii). It frequently precedes the dominant (V) chord.
  • Example: The ii-V-I progression is fundamental in jazz, where 'ii' is the supertonic minor chord.
• Secondary Supertonic: A chord that functions as the supertonic of a key other than the tonic, often part of a secondary dominant progression.
  • Example: The V/ii chord is the dominant of the supertonic key.

Variants and Related Words

• Tonic (n): The first and central note of a scale (scale degree 1).
• Mediant (n): The third degree of a scale.
• Subdominant (n): The fourth degree of a scale.
• Dominant (n): The fifth degree of a scale.
• Submediant (n): The sixth degree of a scale.
• Leading Tone (n): The seventh degree of a scale.

Synonyms

• Second Scale Degree: A more descriptive, non-technical synonym.
• Scale Degree 2: A numerical synonym used in analysis.

Related Terms (Conceptual)

• Diatonic Scale: A scale consisting of seven distinct pitch classes within an octave, following a specific pattern of whole and half steps (e.g., major scale, natural minor scale).
• Roman Numeral Analysis: A system using Roman numerals (I, ii, iii, IV, etc.) to denote chords based on their scale degree. The supertonic chord is labeled "ii".

Noun

1. (music) the second note of a diatonic scale