teleology

/,teli'ɔlədʤi/

Thân thiện

Teleology suggests that a bird's wing evolved for the purpose of flight.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • A philosophical doctrine: Teleology is the explanation of phenomena by reference to their purpose, end, goal, or final cause. It is the study of design or purpose in natural phenomena.

Usage

• Teleology is primarily used in philosophical and scientific discussions to describe a mode of explanation or a perspective that attributes purpose or direction to processes or entities.
• It is often contrasted with mechanistic or causal explanations that describe something happens, rather than (in terms of purpose).

Examples

• Noun:
  • The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle's philosophy is noted for its teleology, as he believed everything in nature has a final cause or purpose.
  • Modern evolutionary biology generally rejects teleology, explaining adaptations through natural selection rather than purposeful design.

Advanced Usage

• "Teleological argument": Also known as the argument from design, it is an argument for the existence of God based on perceived evidence of deliberate design in the natural world.
  • William Paley's watchmaker analogy is a classic example of a teleological argument.
• "Teleological thinking": The tendency to explain events or behaviors by their supposed purpose or end goal.
  • Attributing the existence of mountains to provide us with scenery is an instance of teleological thinking.

Variants and Related Words

• Teleological (adj): Relating to or involving teleology; exhibiting purpose or design.
  • He offered a teleological explanation for the development of the eye.
• Teleologist (n): A person who believes in or advocates teleology.
  • As a teleologist, she views nature as inherently purposeful.

Synonyms

• Purposeivism: (Less common) The doctrine that behavior or natural processes are directed toward a goal.
• Finalism: A philosophical theory emphasizing final causes.

Antonyms

• Mechanism: The doctrine that natural processes are mechanically determined by physical forces.
• Causalism: Explanation by immediate causes rather than ultimate purposes.

Học thuật

Noun

1. (philosophy) a doctrine explaining phenomena by their ends or purposes