translocation

/,trænslou'keiʃn/
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translocation

A diagram shows a chromosome translocation in a genetics textbook.

Definition
  1. Noun:
    • (Genetics): An exchange of chromosome parts between non-homologous chromosomes. This is a type of chromosomal rearrangement.
    • (Biology): The transport of dissolved material (such as sugars) within a plant, typically through the phloem.
Examples of Usage
  • Noun (Genetics):
    • A chromosomal translocation was identified as the cause of the genetic disorder.
    • Reciprocal translocations involve a two-way exchange of genetic material.
  • Noun (Biology):
    • The translocation of sugars from leaves to roots is a vital plant process.
    • Scientists studied the mechanism of nutrient translocation in the phloem.
Advanced Usage
  • "Balanced translocation": A translocation where no genetic material is lost; the individual is typically a carrier but may not show symptoms.
    • A parent with a balanced translocation can pass an unbalanced form to their child.
  • "Phloem translocation": Specifically refers to the movement of organic nutrients in plants.
    • Phloem translocation is driven by osmotic pressure gradients.
Variants and Related Words
  • Translocate (verb): To move or transfer from one place to another.
    • The protein is translocated across the membrane.
  • Translocator (noun): An agent or structure that facilitates translocation.
    • The ATP-binding cassette protein acts as a translocator.
Synonyms
  • Rearrangement (Genetics): A general term for changes in chromosome structure.
  • Transport (Biology): The general movement of substances.
Related Phrases
  • Robertsonian translocation: A specific type of translocation where two acrocentric chromosomes fuse at the centromere.
    • Robertsonian translocation is a common cause of Down syndrome.
  • Translocation breakpoint: The specific site on a chromosome where the break and exchange occur.
    • The gene was disrupted at the translocation breakpoint.
translocation

A diagram shows a chromosome translocation in a genetics textbook.

Noun
  1. (genetics) an exchange of chromosome parts
    • translocations can result in serious congenital disorders
  2. the transport of dissolved material within a plant