unenlightened

/'ʌnin'laitnd/

Thân thiện

An unenlightened student struggles to understand the ancient text.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Lacking knowledge, awareness, or understanding; not enlightened: Describes a person, group, or perspective that is uninformed, ignorant, or not free from prejudice, false beliefs, or superstition.
   • Not intellectually or spiritually illuminated: Refers to a state of not having gained insight, wisdom, or moral understanding.

Usage

The adjective "unenlightened" is used to describe a state of ignorance, often implying a lack of exposure to education, reason, or progressive ideas. It can carry a critical or judgmental tone. - It typically precedes a noun (e.g., an unenlightened view) or follows a linking verb like "be," "seem," or "remain." - It often contrasts with an implied state of being "enlightened," which is associated with knowledge, reason, and progress.

Examples

• As an adjective:
  • The policy was based on an unenlightened view of human nature.
  • Many unenlightened people in the past believed the Earth was flat.
  • He remained unenlightened about the scientific principles behind the technology.

Advanced Usage

• "unenlightened self-interest": A concept describing actions taken for personal gain without consideration for the broader consequences or ethical implications.
  • The corporation's pursuit of unenlightened self-interest led to environmental damage and public backlash.
• "the unenlightened": Used as a collective noun to refer to people who lack knowledge or awareness on a particular subject.
  • The philosopher's writings were too complex for the unenlightened.

Variants and Related Words

• unenlightenment (noun): The state or condition of being unenlightened.
  • Centuries of unenlightenment held back scientific progress.
• unenlightening (adjective): Not providing enlightenment or clarification; not informative.
  • The professor's lecture was surprisingly unenlightening.

Synonyms

• Ignorant: Lacking knowledge or awareness.
• Benighted: In a state of pitiful or contemptible intellectual or moral ignorance (often more literary or severe).
• Uninformed: Not having or showing much knowledge about a situation or subject.
• Naive: Showing a lack of experience, wisdom, or judgment.

Antonyms

• Enlightened: Having or showing a rational, modern, and well-informed outlook.
• Informed: Having or showing knowledge of a particular subject or situation.
• Knowledgeable: Intelligent and well informed.
• Educated: Having been educated to a high standard.

Related Phrases and Idioms

• In the dark: An idiomatic phrase meaning unaware or uninformed about something.
  • The public was kept in the dark about the government's plans. (This conveys a similar meaning to being unenlightened on a specific issue.)

Học thuật

Adjective

1. lacking information or instruction
   • lamentably unenlightened as to the laws
2. not enlightened; ignorant
   • the devices by which unenlightened men preserved the unjust social order

Từ đồng nghĩa

• uninstructed
• naive