Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Perfect; complete; fulfilled: Describes a state of ideal wholeness, lacking nothing, and possessing all desirable qualities. Often used for a life, career, or spiritual state that is fully realized and satisfying.
   • Consummated; brought to a perfect conclusion: Indicates something that has reached its ultimate, most complete state or ending.

Usage Examples

• Adjective:
  • Họ sống một cuộc sống hôn nhân viên mãn. (They live a perfectly fulfilled married life.)
  • Sự nghiệp của ông ấy thật sự viên mãn. (His career is truly complete/fulfilled.)
  • Ước nguyện của bà cụ đã được viên mãn. (The old woman's wish has been consummated.)

Advanced Usage

• "viên mãn" in spiritual or philosophical contexts: Often used in Buddhist or spiritual discourse to describe perfect enlightenment, ultimate happiness, or the state of nirvana where all desires and sufferings are extinguished.
  • Trạng thái giác ngộ viên mãn. (The state of perfect enlightenment.)

Variants and Related Words

• Mãn nguyện (adj): satisfied, content (often used for a more immediate or personal feeling of satisfaction compared to the grand, holistic sense of "viên mãn").
  • Cô ấy cảm thấy mãn nguyện với quyết định của mình. (She feels content with her decision.)

Synonyms

• Perfect: Having all the required or desirable elements, qualities, or characteristics.
• Complete: Having all the necessary or appropriate parts; fully realized.
• Fulfilled: Satisfied or happy because of fully developing one's abilities or character.
• Consummated: Complete; made perfect.

Related Idioms

• Hạnh phúc viên mãn: perfect happiness; complete bliss.

  • Chúc hai bạn có một cuộc sống hạnh phúc viên mãn. (Wishing you both a life of perfect happiness.)

• Viên mãn công đức: (Buddhist term) the perfection of merits/virtues.

  • Con đường tu hành hướng tới sự viên mãn công đức. (The path of cultivation leads to the perfection of merits.)