Definition

Adverb: * In a manner showing a strong or unreasoning desire for revenge; spitefully: Describes an action done with the intent to inflict harm or punishment in return for a perceived wrong, often driven by malice or a grudge.

Usage

The adverb "vindictively" modifies a verb to describe how an action is performed. It emphasizes that the action is motivated by a desire for vengeance or is characterized by spite. * It typically follows the verb it modifies (e.g., "acted vindictively") or can be placed at the beginning or end of a clause for emphasis. * It is used in contexts involving personal conflicts, retaliation, or actions taken out of malice.

Examples

• After being fired, he vindictively spread false rumors about the company.
• She smiled vindictively as her rival's project began to fail.
• The critic did not just dislike the film; he attacked the director vindictively in his review.
• "You'll regret crossing me," he said vindictively.

Advanced Usage

• Used to describe systemic or institutional actions: Can describe actions by authorities or systems perceived as excessively punitive rather than just.
  • The new policy was applied vindictively to target specific groups.
• In legal or formal contexts: Used to characterize behavior that is malicious and retaliatory.
  • The judge warned that filing further motions vindictively could result in sanctions.

Variants and Related Words

• Vindictive (adjective): Having or showing a strong desire for revenge.
  • He was known for his vindictive nature.
• Vindictiveness (noun): The quality or state of being vindictive.
  • Her actions were driven by pure vindictiveness.

Synonyms

• Spitefully: With a desire to hurt, annoy, or offend.
• Revengefully: With a desire to retaliate.
• Maliciously: With the intention to do harm.
• Venomously: With extreme malice or bitterness.

Antonyms

• Forgivingly: In a manner willing to forgive.
• Magnanimously: Generously or nobly, especially towards a rival or someone less powerful.
• Benevolently: In a well-meaning and kindly manner.

Adverb

1. in a vindictive, revengeful manner
   • he plotted vindictively against his former superiors