viva voce
/'vaivə'vousi/
Definition
Adverb: By word of mouth; orally.
- This describes the manner in which something is communicated or conducted, specifically through spoken words rather than in writing.
Noun: An oral examination, typically for an academic degree or qualification, in which the candidate answers questions verbally before an examiner or panel.
Usage Examples
Adverb:
- The news was passed viva voce through the village long before the official announcement. (The news spread by spoken word.)
- The tradition was preserved viva voce for generations. (The tradition was preserved through oral storytelling.)
Noun:
- The final part of her PhD was a rigorous viva voce. (She had to defend her thesis orally.)
- He was nervous about his upcoming viva voce in history. (He was nervous about his oral exam.)
Advanced Usage
- The term is often used in formal or academic contexts, particularly in British English. It is sometimes shortened informally to "viva" (e.g., "I have my viva next week").
- It can describe any formal oral test or interview, not just for university degrees (e.g., for a professional certification).
Variants and Related Words
- Viva (n., informal): A shortened, common form of "viva voce" when referring to the examination.
- She passed her viva with minor corrections.
Synonyms
- Adverb: Orally, verbally, by word of mouth.
- Noun: Oral examination, oral test, defense, viva.
Related Phrases
- To sit a viva voce: To take an oral examination.
- He will sit his viva voce next month.
- To pass/fail a viva voce: To succeed or not succeed in an oral examination.
- She passed her viva voce with flying colors.
Adverb
-
orally
-
I heard it viva voce
-
Noun
-
an examination conducted by spoken communication
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