vulcanize
/'vʌlkənaiz/ Cách viết khác : (vulcanise) /'vʌlkənaiz/
Definition
- Verb (transitive):
- To treat (rubber or a similar material) with sulfur or other substances, and apply heat, to give it greater strength, elasticity, and durability. This process is called vulcanization.
- Verb (intransitive):
- (Of rubber or a similar material) to undergo the chemical process of vulcanization.
Usage
- Transitive verb: The action is performed on an object (the rubber).
- The factory will vulcanize the raw rubber to make tires.
- Intransitive verb: The subject (the rubber) itself undergoes the process.
- The rubber compound needs to vulcanize for 30 minutes at 150°C.
Examples
- Transitive use:
- Charles Goodyear discovered how to vulcanize natural rubber.
- This machine is used to vulcanize the conveyor belts.
- Intransitive use:
- The material must vulcanize completely to achieve its final properties.
- If the rubber does not vulcanize properly, it will remain sticky and weak.
Advanced Usage
- Technical/Industrial Context: The term is almost exclusively used in industrial, manufacturing, and materials science contexts related to polymers, especially rubber.
- The new additive helps the silicone vulcanize at room temperature.
- Figurative Use (Rare): Occasionally used metaphorically to mean making something tougher or more resilient.
- The hardships of his youth vulcanized his character, making him incredibly resilient.
Variants and Related Words
- Vulcanization (n): The process or result of vulcanizing.
- The vulcanization of rubber was a pivotal invention for the automotive industry.
- Vulcanized (adj): Describes material that has undergone vulcanization.
- The soles are made of vulcanized rubber for extra durability.
- Vulcanizer (n): A person who vulcanizes, or a machine used for vulcanizing.
- The technician operated the vulcanizer to repair the hose.
Synonyms
- Cure (in polymer/plastic contexts): To harden or set a material through a chemical process, often involving heat.
- The resin needs to cure for 24 hours. (Note: "Cure" is a broader term; "vulcanize" is specific to sulfur-based treatment of rubber.)
- Harden (general): To make or become hard. (This is a less specific, more general synonym for the result of the process.)
Antonyms
- Devulcanize (v): To reverse or break down the vulcanization process.
- Researchers are developing methods to devulcanize scrap tires for recycling.
- Soften: To make or become less hard.
Verb
-
subject to vulcanization
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vulcanized rubber
-
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undergo vulcanization
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vulcanize rubber
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