Definition

1. Verb:
   • To denounce publicly, to criticize and accuse someone publicly, especially in a political or mass setting: The core meaning refers to the act of publicly accusing, criticizing, and condemning an individual, often in an organized, collective, and confrontational manner, typically within a specific historical or political context.

Usage Examples

• Verb:
  • Trong một số giai đoạn lịch sử, hình thức đấu tố đã được sử dụng. (In some historical periods, the form of public denunciation was used.)
  • Họ tổ chức một buổi đấu tố tên phản bội. (They organized a public denunciation session for the traitor.)

Advanced Usage

• The term "đấu tố" is strongly associated with specific historical contexts, particularly mid-20th century agrarian and political reforms. It implies a formal, often staged, public meeting where an individual is accused and condemned by the community or masses.
• It carries a connotation of struggle ("đấu" meaning to fight/combat) through accusation ("tố" meaning to accuse/denounce).

Variants and Related Words

• Tố cáo (verb): To denounce, to accuse. This is a more general and contemporary legal/personal term without the specific historical and mass-meeting connotations of "đấu tố".
• Phê phán (verb): To criticize. A general term for criticism, not necessarily public or accusatory.
• Buổi đấu tố (noun phrase): A public denunciation session/meeting.

Synonyms

• Public denunciation: Sự lên án công khai.
• Public accusation: Sự buộc tội công khai.

Related Phrases / Collocations

• Tổ chức đấu tố: To organize a public denunciation.
• Bị đem ra đấu tố: To be brought forth for public denunciation.

Notes on Meaning

• Historical/Legal Context: In modern standard Vietnamese, "đấu tố" is primarily used in historical or analytical discourse. It is not a term used for everyday personal arguments or contemporary legal proceedings. Its usage often references past socio-political movements.
• Nuance: The term inherently suggests a power imbalance, with a collective or authority figure conducting the accusation against a (often) defenseless individual. It can imply a lack of formal legal procedure.

1. Denounce publicly (nói khái quát)