B.C.

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Definition
  1. Adverb:
    • Before Christ: Used after a date to indicate that it occurred before the estimated year of the birth of Jesus Christ, the central figure of Christianity. It marks years counted backward from this traditional starting point.
Usage
  • Placement: The abbreviation "B.C." is always placed the numerical year it modifies.
  • Punctuation: It is traditionally written with periods (B.C.), though the unpunctuated form "BC" is also common in modern usage.
  • Context: Used primarily in historical, archaeological, and academic contexts to date events in the distant past.
Examples
  • Adverb:
    • The Great Pyramid of Giza was built around 2560 B.C..
    • The philosopher Socrates died in 399 B.C..
    • This artifact dates from the 5th century B.C..
Advanced Usage
  • With "A.D.": "B.C." is the counterpart to "A.D." (, "in the year of our Lord"). Dates progress backward as numbers get larger (e.g., 500 B.C. is earlier than 200 B.C.).
  • Alternative Systems: In secular and academic contexts, the abbreviations "B.C.E." (Before Common Era) and "C.E." (Common Era) are often used as religiously neutral equivalents to B.C. and A.D., respectively. The numerical values are identical.
    • Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 B.C. (or 44 B.C.E.).
Variants and Related Words
  • BC: A common modern variant written without periods.
  • B.C.E. (Before Common Era): A synonym for B.C., used in the same way (e.g., 1000 B.C.E.).
  • A.D. (Anno Domini): The designation for years after the traditional year of Christ's birth (e.g., 1066 A.D.).
  • C.E. (Common Era): A synonym for A.D., used in the same way (e.g., 1066 C.E.).
Synonyms
  • Before the Christian Era: The full phrase from which "B.C." is derived.
  • Before Christ: The direct translation and most common explanation of the abbreviation.
Notes
  • There is no year "0" in this dating system. The year 1 B.C. is immediately followed by the year A.D. 1.
  • When writing a span of years that crosses the transition from B.C. to A.D., the B.C. years are written first (e.g., ).
Adverb
  1. before the Christian era; used following dates before the supposed year Christ was born
    • in 200 BC

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