Federal

/'fedərəl/
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Definition

  1. Adjective:

    • Relating to a system of government with divided power: Characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central (national) authority and several regional (state or provincial) authorities.
    • Pertaining to the central government of a federation: Of or relating to the central government of a country organized as a federation, as distinct from the governments of its constituent parts.
    • National, especially U.S.: Concerning the national government of the United States as opposed to state governments.
    • Historical: Union-related: Of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War.

  2. Noun:

    • A federal agent: Any federal law-enforcement officer.
    • Historical: A Union soldier: A member of the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Usage Examples

  • Adjective:

    • The country has a federal system of government, with powers shared between the national and state levels.
    • The federal budget is decided by Congress and the President.
    • During the war, Federal troops occupied the city. (Historical usage, often capitalized)

  • Noun:

    • The federals raided the building early this morning. (Informal for federal agents)
    • The monument honors the Federals who fought in the battle. (Historical)
Advanced Usage

  • "Federal case": (Informal idiom) To make an unnecessarily big deal out of something.

    • It was just a minor mistake; don't make a federal case out of it.

  • "Federal holiday": A public holiday established by the national government.

    • Thanksgiving is a federal holiday in the United States.
Variants and Related Words

  • Federally (adverb): In a way that relates to the federal government.

    • The program is federally funded.

  • Federalism (noun): The political principle of a federal system of government.

    • The debate centered on the principles of federalism and states' rights.

  • Federalist (noun, historical): A supporter of a federal system, or specifically, a supporter of the U.S. Constitution in 1787-88.

    • Alexander Hamilton was a leading Federalist.
Synonyms
  • Adjective: National, central, union.
  • Noun (agent): Agent, officer, marshal.
  • Noun (soldier): Union soldier, Yankee (historical, informal).
Related Phrases

  • Federal reserve: The central banking system of the United States.

    • The Federal Reserve sets monetary policy.

  • Federal law: Law enacted by the national government.

    • Bank robbery is a violation of federal law.
Related Idioms
  • "To go federal": (Informal) To involve or report a matter to federal authorities.
    • If the corruption is widespread, the investigation might go federal.
Adjective
  1. characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities
    • a federal system like that of the United States
    • federal governments often evolved out of confederations
  2. being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War
    • Union soldiers
    • Federal forces
    • a Federal infantryman
  3. of or relating to the central government of a federation
    • a federal district is one set aside as the seat of the national government
  4. national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units
    • the Federal Bureau of Investigation
    • federal courts
    • the federal highway program
    • federal property
Noun
  1. any federal law-enforcement officer
  2. a member of the Union Army during the American Civil War

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