Ms

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Definition
  1. Proper noun (Ms.):

    • A title used before a woman's surname or full name, regardless of her marital status. It is the default professional and formal title for a woman, analogous to "Mr." for a man.
  2. Noun (MS, M.S.):

    • An abbreviation for a Master of Science, an advanced academic degree.
    • An abbreviation for manuscript, the original text of an author's work submitted for publication.
    • An abbreviation for multiple sclerosis, a chronic disease affecting the central nervous system.
    • An abbreviation for Mississippi, a state in the southern United States.
Usage Examples
  • Proper noun (Ms.):
    • The letter was addressed to Ms. Johnson.
    • Please welcome our next speaker, Ms. Elena Rodriguez.
  • Noun (MS, M.S.):
    • She earned her MS in Computer Engineering. (Master of Science)
    • The author sent the final MS to the publisher. (manuscript)
    • He was diagnosed with MS last year. (multiple sclerosis)
    • The river flows along the border of MS. (Mississippi)
Advanced Usage
  • Ms. vs. Miss/Mrs.: The title "Ms." was popularized in the 20th century to provide a standard title for women that, like "Mr.," does not indicate marital status. It is preferred in professional and formal contexts when the woman's preference is unknown.
    • The committee chair is Ms. Davis. (Her marital status is not specified or relevant.)
Variants and Related Words
  • Miss: A title for an unmarried woman or girl.
  • Mrs.: A title for a married woman.
  • Mr.: A title for a man.
  • Mx.: A gender-neutral title.
Synonyms
  • (For the title): Title, form of address.
  • (For the degree): Master's degree, postgraduate degree.
  • (For the manuscript): Draft, document, text.
Notes on Different Meanings
  • The meaning of "MS" is entirely dependent on context. In a medical context, it means multiple sclerosis. In an academic context, it usually means Master of Science. In publishing, it means manuscript. The capitalized title "Ms." is distinct.
Noun
  1. a form of address for a woman
  2. the form of a literary work submitted for publication
  3. a master's degree in science
  4. a state in the Deep South on the gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate States during the American Civil War
  5. a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers