Russia

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Definition
  1. Proper noun:
    • A federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia: A large, independent country, officially the Russian Federation, that spans Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It was formerly the largest republic of the Soviet Union (USSR).
    • A former empire in eastern Europe and northern Asia: The historical state, with its capital originally in Moscow and later Saint Petersburg, that existed from the 14th century until the Russian Revolution of 1917.
    • A former communist country: Refers to the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Soviet Russia), which was the largest constituent republic within the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR/USSR) from 1922 to 1991.
Examples of Usage
  • Proper noun (Modern State):
    • Russia is the largest country in the world by land area.
    • Moscow is the capital of Russia.
  • Proper noun (Historical Empire):
    • Tsar Nicholas II was the last emperor of Russia.
    • The Russian Empire expanded significantly in the 18th century.
  • Proper noun (Soviet Era):
    • During the Cold War, Russia was the leading republic of the USSR.
    • The flag of Soviet Russia featured a hammer and sickle.
Advanced Usage
  • "Mother Russia": A personification of Russia as a homeland or nurturing entity, often used in patriotic or literary contexts.
    • The soldiers fought bravely for Mother Russia.
  • "Russia proper": A term sometimes used to distinguish the core historical territory of Russia from its broader empire or federation.
    • The population of Russia proper is concentrated west of the Ural Mountains.
Variants and Related Words
  • Russian (adj): Of or relating to Russia, its people, or its language.
    • She is studying Russian history.
  • Russian (n):
    • A person from Russia.
      • He is a Russian.
    • The Slavic language spoken in Russia.
      • She speaks fluent Russian.
Synonyms
  • Russian Federation: The official name of the modern state (since 1991).
  • Soviet Russia: Refers specifically to the period when Russia was the Russian SFSR within the USSR.
  • The Russian Empire: Refers specifically to the historical imperial state.
Related Phrases
  • "From Russia with Love": A famous phrase, title of a James Bond novel and film, often used to denote something originating from Russia.
    • He sent a postcard inscribed "from Russia with love".
Related Idioms
  • "Scratch a Russian and you find a Tatar": A historical idiom suggesting the complex, multi-ethnic heritage of Russia.
    • The historian explained the old saying, "Scratch a Russian and you find a Tatar."
Noun
  1. a federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state
  2. a former empire in eastern Europe and northern Asia created in the 14th century with Moscow as the capital; powerful in the 17th and 18th centuries under Peter the Great and Catherine the Great when Saint Petersburg was the capital; overthrown by revolution in 1917
  3. formerly the largest Soviet Socialist Republic in the USSR occupying eastern Europe and northern Asia
  4. a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

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