a.d.
/'ei'di:/
Definition
- Adverb:
- In the Christian era; used before dates after the supposed year Christ was born: "A.D." is an abbreviation for the Latin phrase "Anno Domini," which means "in the year of the Lord." It is used to label or number years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars following the traditional year of the birth of Jesus Christ.
Usage
- Placement: "A.D." is traditionally placed the year number (e.g., A.D. 1066), though modern usage increasingly accepts it the year (e.g., 1066 A.D.).
- Context: It is used specifically for dates in the era after the calculated birth of Jesus. It is often contrasted with "B.C." (Before Christ).
- Style: It is typically written with periods (A.D.), though the form "AD" without periods is also common.
Examples
- Adverb:
- The Roman Empire fell in A.D. 476.
- This manuscript dates from around A.D. 800.
- The tradition began in A.D. 33.
Advanced Usage
- Academic and Historical Writing: In formal historical and academic texts, "A.D." is used to provide chronological clarity. The terms "C.E." (Common Era) and "B.C.E." (Before Common Era) are increasingly used as secular alternatives.
- The city was founded in A.D. 1009.
- With Centuries: "A.D." can be used when referring to centuries within the Common Era.
- The plague spread through Europe in the 14th century A.D.
Variants and Related Words
- Anno Domini: The full Latin phrase from which "A.D." is abbreviated.
- C.E. (Common Era): A secular equivalent to "A.D.," meaning the same time period. Example:
- B.C. (Before Christ): Used for years before the calculated birth of Jesus Christ. Example:
- B.C.E. (Before Common Era): A secular equivalent to "B.C."
Synonyms
- In the year of our Lord: A direct English translation of "Anno Domini."
- C.E. (Common Era): A modern, non-religious synonym denoting the same calendar era.
Notes
- Etymology: The abbreviation "A.D." comes from the Latin "Anno Domini," meaning "in the year of the Lord."
- No Phrasal Verbs or Idioms: As a specific historical and calendrical abbreviation, "A.D." does not form phrasal verbs or idioms. Its usage is fixed within the context of dating years.
Adverb
-
in the Christian era; used before dates after the supposed year Christ was born
-
in AD 200
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