acrylonitrile

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acrylonitrile

A chemist carefully handles a beaker of acrylonitrile in a laboratory.

Definition
  1. Noun:
    • A colorless liquid unsaturated nitrile made from propene: A chemical compound, specifically an organic molecule, that is a clear liquid at room temperature. It is classified as an unsaturated nitrile, meaning it contains a carbon-nitrogen triple bond (cyano group, -C≡N) and a carbon-carbon double bond. It is industrially produced from propene (also called propylene).
Usage Examples
  • Noun:
    • Acrylonitrile is a key monomer in the production of synthetic fibers.
    • The factory has strict safety protocols for handling acrylonitrile due to its toxicity.
    • This plastic resin is a copolymer of acrylonitrile and styrene.
Advanced Usage
  • In chemical nomenclature: The systematic name for acrylonitrile is propenenitrile or vinyl cyanide, indicating its structure as the nitrile of acrylic acid.
    • Vinyl cyanide is a synonym for acrylonitrile.
  • In industrial contexts: Often referred to by its abbreviation AN in manufacturing and supply chain documentation.
    • The price of AN fluctuates with propylene feedstock costs.
Variants and Related Words
  • Acrylic (adj/n): Pertaining to or derived from acrylic acid or acrylonitrile. As a noun, it often refers to fibers (like acrylic fiber) or plastics made from polymers involving acrylonitrile.
    • Acrylic fiber is warm and lightweight.
  • Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (n): The polymer formed from acrylonitrile, which is a precursor to carbon fibers and is used in many synthetic textiles.
    • The carbon fiber was produced by oxidizing polyacrylonitrile.
Synonyms
  • Propenenitrile: The IUPAC name.
  • Vinyl cyanide: A common alternative name based on its structure.
  • Cyanoethene: Another systematic name.
Related Phrases / Compound Terms
  • Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS): A common thermoplastic polymer made by polymerizing acrylonitrile and styrene in the presence of polybutadiene.
    • ABS plastic is known for its strength and impact resistance.
  • Acrylonitrile production: The industrial process, typically the ammoxidation of propylene.
    • The Sohio process is a major method for acrylonitrile production.
acrylonitrile

A chemist carefully handles a beaker of acrylonitrile in a laboratory.

Noun
  1. a colorless liquid unsaturated nitrile made from propene

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