acrylonitrile
Definition
- Noun:
- A colorless liquid unsaturated nitrile made from propene: A chemical compound, specifically an organic molecule, that is a clear liquid at room temperature. It is classified as an unsaturated nitrile, meaning it contains a carbon-nitrogen triple bond (cyano group, -C≡N) and a carbon-carbon double bond. It is industrially produced from propene (also called propylene).
Usage Examples
- Noun:
- Acrylonitrile is a key monomer in the production of synthetic fibers.
- The factory has strict safety protocols for handling acrylonitrile due to its toxicity.
- This plastic resin is a copolymer of acrylonitrile and styrene.
Advanced Usage
- In chemical nomenclature: The systematic name for acrylonitrile is propenenitrile or vinyl cyanide, indicating its structure as the nitrile of acrylic acid.
- Vinyl cyanide is a synonym for acrylonitrile.
- In industrial contexts: Often referred to by its abbreviation AN in manufacturing and supply chain documentation.
- The price of AN fluctuates with propylene feedstock costs.
Variants and Related Words
- Acrylic (adj/n): Pertaining to or derived from acrylic acid or acrylonitrile. As a noun, it often refers to fibers (like acrylic fiber) or plastics made from polymers involving acrylonitrile.
- Acrylic fiber is warm and lightweight.
- Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (n): The polymer formed from acrylonitrile, which is a precursor to carbon fibers and is used in many synthetic textiles.
- The carbon fiber was produced by oxidizing polyacrylonitrile.
Synonyms
- Propenenitrile: The IUPAC name.
- Vinyl cyanide: A common alternative name based on its structure.
- Cyanoethene: Another systematic name.
Related Phrases / Compound Terms
- Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS): A common thermoplastic polymer made by polymerizing acrylonitrile and styrene in the presence of polybutadiene.
- ABS plastic is known for its strength and impact resistance.
- Acrylonitrile production: The industrial process, typically the ammoxidation of propylene.
- The Sohio process is a major method for acrylonitrile production.
Noun
-
a colorless liquid unsaturated nitrile made from propene
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