adsorption

/æd'sɔ:pʃn/

Thân thiện

A scientist demonstrates adsorption by placing a gas-filled flask near a solid material.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • The process by which molecules of a gas or liquid accumulate on the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a thin layer or film. This is a physical or chemical phenomenon where atoms, ions, or molecules adhere to a surface.

Usage

• As a subject: "Adsorption" is a key concept in chemistry and environmental science.
• In a prepositional phrase: It is often discussed in the context of a specific process or material.
• Common contexts: Used when describing processes in catalysis, filtration, chromatography, and pollution control.

Examples

• Noun:
  • Activated carbon is effective due to its high adsorption capacity for impurities.
  • The adsorption of gases onto the catalyst surface is the first step in the reaction.
  • Researchers studied the adsorption isotherm to understand the process.

Advanced Usage

• "Physical adsorption" (physisorption): A weak, reversible adsorption process involving van der Waals forces.
  • Physical adsorption is commonly used in gas masks.
• "Chemical adsorption" (chemisorption): A strong, often irreversible adsorption process involving chemical bond formation.
  • Chemical adsorption is crucial for many catalytic reactions.

Variants and Related Words

• Adsorb (verb): To undergo or cause adsorption.
  • The contaminant molecules adsorb onto the filter media.
• Adsorbent (noun): A material, usually solid, that adsorbs another substance.
  • Silica gel is a common adsorbent.
• Adsorbate (noun): The substance that is adsorbed.
  • In this experiment, water vapor is the adsorbate.

Synonyms

• Surface assimilation: A more technical synonym for adsorption.
• Adhesion (in specific contexts): The general sticking of one substance to a surface.

Antonyms

• Desorption: The process of releasing an adsorbed substance from a surface.
  • Desorption occurs when the temperature is increased.
• Absorption: The process of one substance being taken into the bulk of another (e.g., a sponge soaking up water), which is a different phenomenon.

Related Phrases and Technical Terms

• Adsorption site: A specific location on a surface where adsorption occurs.
  • The molecule binds to a specific adsorption site on the metal.
• Adsorption isotherm: A graph showing the relationship between the amount adsorbed and pressure (or concentration) at constant temperature.
  • The Langmuir adsorption isotherm is a classic model.

Học thuật

Noun

1. the accumulation of molecules of a gas to form a thin film on the surface of a solid

Từ đồng nghĩa

• surface assimilation