aldehyde

/'ældihaid/

Thân thiện

A scientist carefully pours a clear aldehyde from a small glass bottle into a beaker.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • A type of organic chemical compound: An aldehyde is a class of highly reactive organic compounds characterized by a carbonyl group (a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom) bonded to a hydrogen atom and to another carbon-containing group. They are important intermediates in chemical synthesis and biological processes.

Usage and Examples

• Noun:
  • Formaldehyde is a simple aldehyde used as a disinfectant and preservative.
  • The distinctive aroma of almonds is partly due to the presence of benzaldehyde, an aromatic aldehyde.
  • In organic chemistry, an aldehyde can be oxidized to form a carboxylic acid.

Advanced Usage and Concepts

• "Aldehyde group": Refers to the functional group (-CHO) that defines this class of compounds.
  • The presence of the aldehyde group makes these molecules susceptible to nucleophilic addition reactions.
• In biochemistry: Many sugars are aldehydes or contain aldehyde groups.
  • Glucose exists in a cyclic form but has an open-chain form that is an aldehyde.

Variants and Related Words

• Aldehydic (adj): Pertaining to or having the characteristics of an aldehyde.
  • The compound exhibited typical aldehydic properties.
• Formaldehyde (n): The simplest aldehyde (HCHO), a pungent gas used in solution as a preservative and disinfectant.
• Acetaldehyde (n): A volatile aldehyde (CH₃CHO) important in metabolism and industrial chemistry.

Synonyms and Related Terms

• Carbonyl compound: A broader class of organic compounds containing a carbon-oxygen double bond, which includes aldehydes and ketones.
• Oxo compound: A general term for compounds containing an oxygen atom double-bonded to a carbon atom.

Common Phrases and Contexts

• "Aldehyde dehydrogenase": An enzyme that oxidizes aldehydes.
  • A deficiency in aldehyde dehydrogenase can cause adverse reactions to alcohol.
• "Reducing sugar": A sugar that acts as a reducing agent due to its free aldehyde (or ketone) group.
  • Glucose is a reducing sugar because it has a free aldehyde group.

Học thuật

Noun

1. any of a class of highly reactive chemical compounds; used in making resins and dyes and organic acids