amylase

Thân thiện

A student observes amylase breaking down starch in a science experiment.

Definition

Noun An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into sugars. Amylase is produced in the saliva and by the pancreas and is also found in some plants and microorganisms.

Usage

Amylase is a scientific term used primarily in biology, biochemistry, and medicine. It refers to the specific enzyme responsible for breaking down starch. * Salivary amylase begins the digestion of starch in the mouth. * Pancreatic amylase continues to break down carbohydrates in the small intestine. * Doctors may test serum amylase levels to help diagnose pancreatic disorders.

Examples

• The digestion of bread, which contains starch, starts in the mouth due to amylase in saliva.
• High levels of amylase in a blood test can indicate inflammation of the pancreas.
• Some industrial processes use microbial amylase to convert starches into sweeteners.

Advanced Usage

• Alpha-amylase: The specific type of amylase that breaks down large starch molecules into smaller fragments like maltose. It is the primary form found in humans.
• Amylase activity: A measurement of how effectively the enzyme is breaking down starch, often used in laboratory assays.

Variants and Related Words

• Amylolytic (adjective): Having the ability to break down starch. (e.g., bacteria).
• Disaccharidase (noun): A related type of enzyme (like maltase or sucrase) that further breaks down the products of amylase digestion into simple sugars.

Synonyms

• Diastase (a historical term for amylase, still sometimes used, especially concerning plant-derived enzymes).

Related Phrases and Compounds

• Pancreatic amylase: The form of the enzyme secreted by the pancreas.
• Salivary amylase / Ptyalin: The form of the enzyme present in saliva.
• Serum amylase test: A common diagnostic blood test.

Học thuật

Noun

1. any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic juice and parts of plants; help convert starch to sugar