Definition

Noun: - Poor peasants and farm laborers: A historical term referring to the poorest class in rural society, including landless peasants and agricultural workers with little to no means of production. This term is strongly associated with Marxist-Leninist class analysis and the political context of land reform movements.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • Giai cấp bần cố nông là lực lượng cách mạng triệt để nhất. (The class of poor peasants and farm laborers is the most thorough revolutionary force.)
  • Chính sách dựa vào bần cố nông đã được thực hiện trong cải cách ruộng đất. (The policy of relying on poor peasants and farm laborers was implemented during the land reform.)

Advanced Usage

• This term is primarily used in historical, political, and sociological discussions about class structure, especially in the context of 20th-century Vietnam and other socialist revolutions. Its usage in contemporary general language is rare and carries a specific ideological connotation.

Variants and Related Words

• Nông dân (noun): Peasant; farmer. A more general and neutral term.
• Cố nông (noun): Farm laborer; agricultural proletariat. A component of the compound term.
• Bần nông (noun): Poor peasant. Another term for impoverished peasants, often used interchangeably with or as a component of "bần cố nông".

Synonyms

• Giai cấp nông dân nghèo khổ: The impoverished peasant class.
• Nông dân lao động nghèo: Poor working peasants.

Notes on Meaning

• The term is a compound of "bần" (poor), "cố" (hardened, long-term), and "nông" (agriculture/peasant), literally meaning "poor, hardened peasants". It denotes a specific socioeconomic category defined by a lack of land and capital, forcing reliance on selling labor.
• It is crucial to understand this term within its historical and ideological context, as it is not a neutral descriptor but one loaded with political theory and revolutionary rhetoric.

noun

1. Poor peasants and farm hands
   • dựa vào bần cố nông
     to rely on poor peasants and farm hands