befouled

Thân thiện

The old chimney befouled the white walls with dark soot.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Made dirty or foul; contaminated with filth or impurities: Describes something that has been soiled, polluted, or made unclean, often by an external substance.

Usage Examples

• Adjective:
  • The once-clear stream was now befouled with industrial waste.
  • He refused to wear the befouled garments after working in the mud.
  • The historical monument stood sadly befouled by graffiti.

Advanced Usage

• "to be befouled by/with something": A common construction specifying the agent causing the dirtiness.
  • The city's reputation was befouled by the corruption scandal. (Used metaphorically to mean tarnished.)
  • The shoreline was befouled with plastic debris.

Variants and Related Words

• Befoul (verb): To make dirty; to soil or pollute.
  • The factory's emissions befoul the air.
• Fouled (adjective): Made dirty or blocked. (A more general term; "befouled" often implies a more thorough or repulsive soiling.)
• Defiled (adjective): Made unclean or impure, often with a moral or sacred connotation.

Synonyms

• Sullied: Made dirty or dishonored.
• Contaminated: Made impure by contact or mixture.
• Polluted: Made unclean or unsafe, especially for the environment.
• Soiled: Made dirty.

Antonyms

• Cleansed: Made clean.
• Purified: Freed from impurities.
• Pristine: In its original, clean, and unspoiled condition.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. made dirty or foul
   • a building befouled with soot
   • breathing air fouled and darkened with factory soot

Từ đồng nghĩa

• fouled