burthen

/'bə:dn/ Cách viết khác : (burthen) /'bə:ðən/

Thân thiện

A farmer carries a heavy burthen of hay on his back.

Definition

1. Noun:

   • A heavy load or weight: "Burthen" refers to something that is carried, often with difficulty, or a heavy responsibility.
   • A ship's carrying capacity: In nautical contexts, "burthen" specifically denotes the weight a ship can carry, its tonnage or cargo capacity.

2. Verb:

   • To load heavily; to weigh down: The act of placing a heavy load or responsibility on someone or something.

Examples of Usage

• Noun:

  • The old man carried the burthen of firewood up the hill. (The old man carried the heavy load of firewood up the hill.)
  • The ship's burthen was estimated at five hundred tons. (The ship's cargo capacity was estimated at five hundred tons.)
  • The emotional burthen of leadership was immense. (The emotional weight of leadership was immense.)

• Verb:

  • He was burthened with the care of his younger siblings. (He was weighed down with the responsibility of caring for his younger siblings.)
  • The donkey was burthened with sacks of grain. (The donkey was loaded down with sacks of grain.)

Advanced Usage

• "To be a burthen to/on someone": to be a source of trouble, worry, or responsibility for someone.

  • He felt his illness was a burthen on his family. (He felt his illness was a heavy responsibility for his family.)

• "The burthen of proof": (Legal) the obligation to prove one's assertions. (Note: The modern standard term is "burden of proof").

  • In a criminal trial, the burthen of proof lies with the prosecution. (In a criminal trial, the obligation to prove the case lies with the prosecution.)

Variants and Related Words

• Burden (n, v): The modern and far more common spelling of "burthen." All meanings are identical.
  • The financial burden was too much to bear.
• Burdensome (adj): Causing difficulty or worry; onerous.
  • The administrative tasks were burdensome.
• Overburden (v): To load with too great a burden.
  • They overburdened the truck, causing it to break down.

Synonyms

• Noun: Load, weight, encumbrance, onus, responsibility, cargo, tonnage.
• Verb: Load, weigh down, encumber, saddle, tax, oppress.

Related Phrases

• Beast of burthen: An animal, such as a donkey or ox, used for carrying heavy loads.
  • In ancient times, camels were essential beasts of burthen for crossing deserts.
• To bear the burthen: To carry or endure a heavy responsibility or load.
  • She bore the burthen of managing the household alone.

Notes on Usage

• "Burthen" is an archaic spelling of the modern word "burden." It is rarely used in contemporary English outside of historical, literary, or poetic contexts, or in specific fixed phrases like "beast of burthen." For all modern usage, "burden" is the correct and expected spelling.

Học thuật

Noun

1. a variant of `burden'

Verb

1. weight down with a load

Từ đồng nghĩa

• burden
• weight
• weight down