cDNA

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Definition

Noun: 1. Complementary DNA: A form of DNA synthesized from a messenger RNA (mRNA) template using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. It is complementary to the mRNA sequence and, unlike genomic DNA, lacks introns.

Usage
  • cdna is used primarily in molecular biology and genetics contexts to refer to the DNA copy of an mRNA molecule.
  • It is often used as a tool for gene cloning, studying gene expression, and creating cDNA libraries.
Examples
  • The researcher synthesized cdna from the isolated mRNA to study the gene's expression pattern.
  • A cdna library represents the genes that were actively being transcribed in a cell at a specific time.
  • Comparing genomic DNA to cdna can help identify the exons of a gene.
Advanced Usage
  • Full-length cdna: A cDNA that contains the complete coding sequence of a gene, from the start codon to the stop codon, corresponding to a fully processed mRNA.
  • cdna clone: A DNA fragment, derived from cDNA, that has been inserted into a vector for propagation and study.
  • cdna synthesis: The laboratory process of creating cDNA from an RNA template using reverse transcriptase.
Variants and Related Words
  • Complementary DNA: The full term for cDNA.
  • Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR): A technique that uses cDNA as a template to amplify specific sequences via PCR, commonly used to measure gene expression levels.
  • Expressed Sequence Tag (EST): A short subsequence of a cDNA sequence, used to identify gene transcripts.
Synonyms
  • Complementary DNA (the formal, unabbreviated synonym).
  • Copy DNA (a less common but occasionally used synonym).
Notes
  • cdna is typically written in lowercase, though the initialism is derived from "complementary DNA." It is a specific technical term with no direct, common-language synonyms outside of scientific discourse.
  • It is not used in idiomatic expressions or phrasal verbs due to its highly specialized nature.
Noun
  1. single-stranded DNA that is complementary to messenger RNA or DNA that has been synthesized from messenger RNA by reverse transcriptase

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