clonal

Thân thiện

A scientist examines clonal plants in a laboratory.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Relating to or being a clone: Describes something that is a clone, derived from a clone, or involves the process of cloning. It pertains to a genetically identical copy of an organism, cell, or piece of genetic material.

Usage

The word "clonal" is primarily used in scientific contexts, particularly in biology, genetics, medicine, and biotechnology. It describes populations, cells, or organisms that are genetically identical because they originate from a single ancestor through asexual reproduction or artificial replication.

Examples

• Adjective:
  • The researchers studied the clonal expansion of the cancer cells. (The cancer cells multiplied to form a population of genetically identical cells.)
  • Many plant species, like strawberries, spread through clonal growth. (They produce new, genetically identical plants from runners.)
  • The clonal selection of this grape variety ensures consistent wine quality. (The vineyard uses plants that are genetic copies of a superior original.)

Advanced Usage

• Clonal selection (Immunology): A fundamental theory explaining how the immune system selects and amplifies specific lymphocytes (B cells or T cells) to fight an infection.
  • The body's defense relies on the principle of clonal selection to target specific pathogens.
• Clonal interference (Evolutionary Biology): A phenomenon in asexual populations where multiple beneficial mutations arise in different lineages and compete with each other, slowing adaptation.
  • In large bacterial populations, clonal interference can complicate the evolutionary process.

Variants and Related Words

• Clone (noun/verb): The genetically identical copy itself, or the act of creating such a copy.
  • The sheep Dolly was the first mammal clone from an adult somatic cell.
• Clonality (noun): The state or condition of being clonal.
  • Scientists confirmed the clonality of the tumor cell population.

Synonyms

• Asexual: Reproducing or derived from a single parent without genetic recombination.
• Genetically identical: Having exactly the same genetic makeup.

Related Phrases

• Clonal population: A group of cells or organisms all descended from a single progenitor and genetically identical to each other.
  • The forest was essentially a clonal population of aspen trees connected by a single root system.
• Clonal derivation: The process or origin of being derived from a clone.
  • The cell line's clonal derivation was verified by genetic fingerprinting.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. of or relating to a clone