cytosine
Definition
- Noun:
- A nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA: Cytosine is one of the four main nucleobases present in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA. It is a pyrimidine derivative.
- A component of nucleotides: In DNA and RNA, cytosine pairs specifically with guanine through hydrogen bonding, forming one of the fundamental base pairs that encode genetic information.
Usage Examples
- Noun:
- The sequence of adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine determines our genetic code.
- A point mutation changed the cytosine in the DNA strand to a thymine.
Advanced Usage
- "Cytosine methylation": A biochemical process where a methyl group is added to a cytosine nucleotide, often involved in regulating gene expression.
- Cytosine methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism.
Variants and Related Words
- Deoxycytidine (n): The nucleoside form of cytosine when linked to deoxyribose, as found in DNA.
- Cytidine (n): The nucleoside form of cytosine when linked to ribose, as found in RNA.
- Cytosine arabinoside (n): A chemotherapy medication that is a synthetic nucleoside analogue of cytosine.
Synonyms
- C (n): The standard single-letter abbreviation for cytosine in genetic sequences.
- Pyrimidine base (n): A broader category of nitrogenous bases to which cytosine belongs.
Related Phrases and Compounds
- Cytosine-guanine pair (C-G pair) (n): The specific pairing between cytosine and guanine in a DNA double helix.
- The stability of a DNA region depends on the number of cytosine-guanine pairs.
- Cytosine deamination (n): A chemical reaction in which cytosine is converted to uracil, which can lead to a mutation if not repaired.
- Cytosine deamination is a common type of DNA damage.
Noun
-
a base found in DNA and RNA and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with guanine
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