Definition

1. Noun:
   • Tolerance: In engineering and manufacturing, "dung sai" refers to the permissible limit or limits of variation in a physical dimension, a measured value, or a physical parameter of a manufactured object. It defines the acceptable range of deviation from a specified nominal or target value.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • Dung sai của chi tiết này là ±0.1 mm. (The tolerance of this component is ±0.1 mm.)
  • Nhà thiết kế phải xác định dung sai chính xác trên bản vẽ. (The designer must specify precise tolerances on the drawing.)
  • Việc kiểm soát dung sai là yếu tố then chốt để đảm bảo chất lượng. (Controlling tolerance is a key factor in ensuring quality.)

Advanced Usage

• "Dung sai lắp ghép": Fit tolerance; the tolerance that defines the nature of the fit (e.g., clearance, interference) between two mating parts.

  • Dung sai lắp ghép quyết định độ khít của mối ghép. (The fit tolerance determines the tightness of the joint.)

• "Dung sai hình học": Geometric tolerance; a tolerance that controls the shape, profile, orientation, location, and runout of a feature.

  • Dung sai hình học được ký hiệu đặc biệt trên bản vẽ kỹ thuật. (Geometric tolerances are denoted by special symbols on engineering drawings.)

Variants and Related Words

• Sai số (n): Error; deviation. While "dung sai" is the allowed deviation, "sai số" is the actual or measured deviation.

  • Sai số đo lường phải nằm trong phạm vi dung sai cho phép. (The measurement error must be within the allowable tolerance range.)

• Kích thước danh nghĩa (n): Nominal dimension; the theoretical or ideal dimension from which tolerances are specified.

  • Dung sai được tính toán dựa trên kích thước danh nghĩa. (Tolerance is calculated based on the nominal dimension.)

Synonyms

• Giới hạn cho phép: Permissible limit.
• Độ dung sai: Tolerance (a less common variant with the same meaning).

Related Phrases

• "Nằm trong dung sai": To be within tolerance.

  • Tất cả các chi tiết sản xuất đều nằm trong dung sai. (All manufactured parts are within tolerance.)

• "Vượt quá dung sai" / "Ngoài dung sai": To be out of tolerance; to exceed the tolerance.

  • Mẫu kiểm tra bị loại vì vượt quá dung sai. (The test sample was rejected for being out of tolerance.)

Related Idioms

(Note: "Dung sai" is a technical term and is not commonly used in idiomatic expressions. Its usage is almost exclusively in technical and engineering contexts.)

1. (kỹ thuật) Tolerance