effete

/e'fi:t/

Thân thiện

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Depleted of vitality, force, or effectiveness; worn out; exhausted: Describing something that has lost its original strength, vigor, or capacity, often through over-refinement or excessive use.
   • Marked by self-indulgence, weakness, or decadence; lacking strength of character or moral vigor: Describing a person, group, or culture perceived as overly refined, weak, or corrupt, often due to luxury or intellectual pretension without substance.

Usage and Examples

• Describing a lack of strength or vitality:

  • The once-powerful empire was now effete and unable to defend its borders.
  • Critics dismissed the movement's philosophy as effete and irrelevant to modern struggles.

• Describing decadence or weak character:

  • The novel satirizes the effete aristocracy, obsessed with fashion and gossip.
  • He was criticized for his effete mannerisms and disconnection from practical concerns.

Advanced Usage and Nuances

• Historical/Literary Context: Often used to critique social classes, artistic movements, or intellectual circles perceived as having degenerated from a former, more robust state.

  • The historian argued that the civilization collapsed not from external invasion but from its own effete culture.

• Pejorative Connotation: The term is frequently derogatory, implying contempt for weakness, pretentiousness, or a lack of practical, masculine, or moral fiber.

  • His opponents derided his policies as the product of an effete liberal elite.

Variants and Related Words

• Effeteness (noun): The quality or state of being effete.
  • The effeteness of the ruling class contributed to the revolution.

Synonyms

• Decadent: Characterized by or reflecting a state of moral or cultural decline.
• Enervated: Drained of energy or vitality; weakened.
• Debilitated: Made weak or feeble.
• Overrefined: Refined to an excessive degree, making it artificial or weak.

Antonyms

• Vigorous: Strong, healthy, and full of energy.
• Robust: Strong and healthy; vigorous.
• Potent: Having great power, influence, or effect.

Notes on Usage

• The term effete is strongly critical and often subjective. It is used to express disapproval of something seen as weak, exhausted, or corruptly refined. Its application to people can be considered offensive.
• While one core meaning relates to being exhausted or worn out, the more common contemporary use carries connotations of decadence, weakness of character, and pretentious intellectualism.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. marked by excessive self-indulgence and moral decay
   • a decadent life of excessive money and no sense of responsibility
   • a group of effete self-professed intellectuals

Từ đồng nghĩa

• decadent