ester

/'estə/

Thân thiện

A chemist holds up a glass flask containing a clear ester.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • A chemical compound: An ester is an organic compound formed by the chemical reaction between an acid (typically a carboxylic acid) and an alcohol, with the elimination of a water molecule.

Usage

• Esters are commonly found in nature and are responsible for the characteristic fragrances of many fruits and flowers.
• They are also important industrial chemicals, used in the production of plastics, solvents, and flavorings.

Examples

• Noun:
  • Ethyl acetate is a common ester with a sweet, fruity smell.
  • Fats and oils are triglycerides, which are esters of glycerol and fatty acids.
  • The perfume industry uses many synthetic esters to replicate natural scents.

Advanced Usage

• "Esterification": The chemical process of forming an ester from an acid and an alcohol.
  • Esterification is a reversible reaction often catalyzed by an acid.
• "Saponification": The alkaline hydrolysis of an ester, typically to form an alcohol and a soap.
  • Saponification of a fat with sodium hydroxide produces glycerol and soap.

Variants and Related Words

• Esterify (verb): To convert into an ester.
  • The chemist will esterify the acid to produce the desired compound.
• Polyester (noun): A category of polymers containing the ester functional group in their main chain.
  • Polyester is a widely used synthetic fiber.

Synonyms

• Organic salt: While not a perfect synonym, this term is sometimes used informally to describe esters due to their formation from an acid and an alcohol, analogous to a salt formation from an acid and a base.

Related Phrases

• "Ester bond" or "Ester linkage": The covalent bond (C(=O)-O-) that connects the carbonyl carbon of the acid to the oxygen of the alcohol in an ester molecule.
  • The ester bond in aspirin is susceptible to hydrolysis.

Học thuật

Noun

1. formed by reaction between an acid and an alcohol with elimination of water