familial

/fə'mijəl/

Thân thiện

Familial traits like curly hair often appear in multiple generations.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Relating to or having the characteristics of a family: Pertaining to the structure, relationships, or dynamics within a family unit.
   • Occurring among members of a family, usually by heredity: Describing traits, conditions, or patterns that are transmitted through or common within a family line.

Examples of Usage

• Adjective:
  • There is a strong familial resemblance between the sisters. (The sisters look very much alike, as is common in families.)
  • The study focused on familial patterns of heart disease. (The research examined how heart disease occurs within families.)
  • They share a close familial bond. (They have a strong connection typical of family members.)

Advanced Usage

• "Familial aggregation": In medicine and genetics, this term describes the clustering of a trait or disease within families more often than would be expected by chance.
  • The familial aggregation of certain cancers suggests a genetic component.
• "Familial duty": A responsibility or obligation perceived as inherent to one's role within a family.
  • Caring for elderly parents is often seen as a familial duty.

Variants and Related Words

• Family (n): The basic unit in society traditionally consisting of parents and their children.
• Familially (adv): In a manner relating to family. (This adverb is rare but grammatically correct).
  • The estate was divided familially, according to tradition.

Synonyms

• Genetic: Relating to genes or heredity. (Note: 'Familial' can imply genetic transmission but is broader, encompassing shared environment and social structure).
• Hereditary: Passed down from parents to offspring.
• Domestic: Relating to the home or household. (This is a looser synonym, focusing more on the home environment than kinship).

Antonyms

• Nonfamilial: Not relating to or occurring within a family.
• Sporadic: Occurring at irregular intervals or only in a few places; not inherited or clustered in families.

Notes on Meaning

• The primary meaning of familial connects to the social unit of a family. Its secondary, scientific meaning specifically highlights patterns (like diseases or traits) that recur within biological families, often implying a genetic or shared environmental cause. It is a more formal and academic term than the simple adjective "family" (e.g., "family car" vs. "familial obligations").

Học thuật

Adjective

1. occurring among members of a family usually by heredity
   • an inherited disease
   • familial traits
   • genetically transmitted features
2. relating to or having the characteristics of a family
   • children of the same familial background
   • familial aggregation

Từ đồng nghĩa

• genetic
• hereditary
• inherited
• transmitted
• transmissible