impedance

/im'pi:dəns/
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impedance

An engineer measures the impedance of a circuit with a multimeter.

Definition
  1. Noun:
    • A material's opposition to the flow of electric current: In electrical engineering and physics, 'impedance' is the total opposition that a circuit or a material presents to the flow of alternating current (AC). It extends the concept of resistance to AC circuits and is measured in ohms (Ω).
Usage and Examples
  • Noun:
    • The impedance of the speaker must match the amplifier's output for optimal power transfer.
    • Engineers calculated the cable's impedance to ensure signal integrity.
    • High impedance in a circuit can limit the current flow.
Advanced Usage
  • Complex Impedance: In AC circuits, impedance is often a complex number, combining resistance (real part) and reactance (imaginary part), which accounts for effects of capacitance and inductance.
    • The design requires calculating the complex impedance of the RLC network.
  • Impedance Matching: A critical technique in electronics to maximize power transfer or minimize signal reflection by making the source and load impedances equal.
    • Impedance matching is essential in radio frequency (RF) antenna design.
Variants and Related Words
  • Impede (verb): To delay or block the progress of something.
    • The fallen tree impeded the flow of traffic.
  • Impediment (noun): A hindrance or obstruction.
    • A speech impediment can make communication difficult.
Synonyms
  • Opposition (in the general sense of resistance).
  • Resistance (specifically the real, DC component of impedance).
  • Reactance (the component of impedance due to capacitance or inductance).
Related Phrases and Technical Terms
  • Characteristic Impedance: The inherent impedance of a transmission line, such as a cable, determined by its physical properties.
    • Coaxial cables often have a characteristic impedance of 50 or 75 ohms.
  • Input/Output Impedance: The impedance presented at the terminals of an electrical device.
    • The preamplifier has a high input impedance to avoid loading the sensor.
impedance

An engineer measures the impedance of a circuit with a multimeter.

Noun
  1. a material's opposition to the flow of electric current; measured in ohms

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