ion

/'aiən/

Thân thiện

A scientist draws a diagram of a sodium ion on the whiteboard.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • A charged particle: An "ion" is an atom, molecule, or group of atoms that has an electrical charge because it has lost or gained one or more electrons. A positively charged ion is called a cation, and a negatively charged ion is called an anion.

Usage

• The word "ion" is a scientific term used primarily in chemistry and physics. It describes the fundamental state of matter involved in electrical conductivity, chemical reactions, and biological processes.
• It is typically used with modifiers to specify the type of charge (e.g., positive ion, negative ion) or its origin (e.g., sodium ion, hydrogen ion).

Examples

• Noun:
  • Table salt dissolves in water to form sodium ions and chloride ions.
  • The battery generates electricity through the movement of ions between its electrodes.
  • In the atmosphere, cosmic rays can create ions.

Advanced Usage

• "Ion exchange": A process where ions are exchanged between a solution and a solid material, commonly used in water purification.
  • The water softener uses ion exchange to remove calcium ions.
• "Ion channel": A protein structure in cell membranes that allows specific ions to pass through.
  • Nerve signals depend on the opening and closing of ion channels.

Variants and Related Words

• Ionic (adj): Relating to or composed of ions.
  • Sodium chloride forms an ionic bond.
• Ionize (verb): To convert an atom or molecule into an ion by adding or removing electrons.
  • Ultraviolet light can ionize gas molecules in the upper atmosphere.
• Cation (n): A positively charged ion.
• Anion (n): A negatively charged ion.

Synonyms

• Charged particle: A more general term that includes ions and other entities like protons.
• Electrolyte: A substance that produces ions when dissolved, enabling electrical conductivity.

Related Phrases

• Ion propulsion: A method of spacecraft propulsion that generates thrust by accelerating ions.
  • Some deep-space probes use efficient ion propulsion systems.
• Ion concentration: The amount of ions present in a solution, often measured as molarity.
  • The pH of a solution is related to its hydrogen ion concentration.

Học thuật

Noun

1. a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative); an atom or molecule or group that has lost or gained one or more electrons