isotonic
Definition
Adjective (Physiology & Biology):
- Having equal tension: Describes two or more muscles that have the same degree of tension or tone.
- Involving constant tension: Describes a type of muscular contraction where the muscle tension remains constant while the muscle's length changes, such as when lifting a weight.
- Having equal osmotic pressure: Describes solutions that have the same concentration of solutes and therefore the same osmotic pressure. When separated by a semipermeable membrane, there is no net movement of water between them.
Adjective (Music):
- Having equal intervals: Relating to a musical scale in which the intervals between successive notes are equal.
Examples of Usage
Adjective (Physiology/Biology):
- The physical therapist assessed the patient to ensure their left and right quadriceps were isotonic.
- Bicep curls are an example of an isotonic exercise, where the muscle contracts while moving a constant load.
- A 0.9% saline solution is isotonic with human blood plasma, making it safe for intravenous infusion.
Adjective (Music):
- Some early music theorists experimented with isotonic scales, though they are not common in Western music.
Advanced Usage
- Isotonic Contraction: This is the standard term for the type of muscle contraction described above. It is subdivided into (muscle shortens) and (muscle lengthens) contractions.
- Isotonic Solution: A core concept in biology and medicine. Cells placed in an isotonic solution will neither gain nor lose water significantly, maintaining their normal shape and function.
Variants and Related Words
- Isotonicity (noun): The state or condition of being isotonic.
- The isotonicity of the IV fluid is crucial for patient safety.
- Hypertonic (adj): A solution with a higher solute concentration (higher osmotic pressure) than another specified solution.
- Hypotonic (adj): A solution with a lower solute concentration (lower osmotic pressure) than another specified solution.
Synonyms
- For solutions: Iso-osmotic.
- For muscles (equal tension): Equitonic (less common).
Antonyms
- For solutions: Hypertonic, hypotonic.
- For muscle contractions: Isometric (a contraction where muscle tension changes but length remains constant).
Related Phrases/Concepts
- Isotonic sports drink: A beverage formulated to have a similar osmotic pressure to bodily fluids, designed for rapid rehydration and energy replacement.
- Isotonic regression: A statistical and mathematical concept involving fitting a function that is non-decreasing.
Adjective
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of two or more muscles; having equal tension
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of or involving muscular contraction in which tension is constant while length changes
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relating to or characterized by the equal intervals of a musical scale
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isotonic tuning
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(used of solutions) having the same or equal osmotic pressure
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