kiên
Definition
- Adjective:
- Persistent, steadfast, unyielding: "Kiên" describes a quality of being firm, resolute, and unwavering in purpose or action, especially in the face of difficulty.
- Durable, enduring: It can also refer to something that is long-lasting and able to withstand wear or pressure.
Usage Examples
- Adjective:
- Anh ấy có một ý chí rất kiên. (He has a very steadfast will.)
- Tinh thần kiên cường của dân tộc. (The indomitable spirit of the nation.)
- Một niềm tin kiên định. (An unshakable belief.)
Advanced Usage
- "Kiên nhẫn": This is a compound word meaning "patient" or "patience." It is the most common usage of the root "kiên."
- Cô ấy rất kiên nhẫn khi dạy trẻ em. (She is very patient when teaching children.)
- "Kiên trì": This is a compound word meaning "persistent" or "to persevere."
- Bạn phải kiên trì luyện tập mỗi ngày. (You must persist in practicing every day.)
- "Kiên cố": This is a compound word meaning "solid," "sturdy," or "fortified."
- Thành lũy kiên cố. (A sturdy fortress.)
Variants and Related Words
- Kiên cường (adj): Resilient, tenacious.
- Kiên định (adj): Firm, resolute (in belief or stance).
- Kiên gan (adj): Literally "firm liver," meaning having great endurance or patience.
- Kiên quyết (adj): Determined, resolute (in decision or action).
Synonyms
- Bền bỉ: Persevering, enduring.
- Vững vàng: Steady, firm.
- Cứng rắn: Hard, firm (in attitude).
Notes on Usage
- In modern Vietnamese, "kiên" is almost never used alone as an independent word. It functions primarily as a bound morpheme, forming the core meaning of "steadfastness" in many compound adjectives.
- The primary meaning conveyed by "kiên" in compounds is one of inner strength, endurance, and unwavering resolve.