Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Persistent, steadfast, unyielding: "Kiên" describes a quality of being firm, resolute, and unwavering in purpose or action, especially in the face of difficulty.
   • Durable, enduring: It can also refer to something that is long-lasting and able to withstand wear or pressure.

Usage Examples

• Adjective:
  • Anh ấy có một ý chí rất kiên. (He has a very steadfast will.)
  • Tinh thần kiên cường của dân tộc. (The indomitable spirit of the nation.)
  • Một niềm tin kiên định. (An unshakable belief.)

Advanced Usage

• "Kiên nhẫn": This is a compound word meaning "patient" or "patience." It is the most common usage of the root "kiên."
  • Cô ấy rất kiên nhẫn khi dạy trẻ em. (She is very patient when teaching children.)
• "Kiên trì": This is a compound word meaning "persistent" or "to persevere."
  • Bạn phải kiên trì luyện tập mỗi ngày. (You must persist in practicing every day.)
• "Kiên cố": This is a compound word meaning "solid," "sturdy," or "fortified."
  • Thành lũy kiên cố. (A sturdy fortress.)

Variants and Related Words

• Kiên cường (adj): Resilient, tenacious.
• Kiên định (adj): Firm, resolute (in belief or stance).
• Kiên gan (adj): Literally "firm liver," meaning having great endurance or patience.
• Kiên quyết (adj): Determined, resolute (in decision or action).

Synonyms

• Bền bỉ: Persevering, enduring.
• Vững vàng: Steady, firm.
• Cứng rắn: Hard, firm (in attitude).

Notes on Usage

• In modern Vietnamese, "kiên" is almost never used alone as an independent word. It functions primarily as a bound morpheme, forming the core meaning of "steadfastness" in many compound adjectives.
• The primary meaning conveyed by "kiên" in compounds is one of inner strength, endurance, and unwavering resolve.