Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Chronic: Describes a condition, habit, or problem that is persistent, long-lasting, or recurring over a long period, often used for illnesses or negative situations.

Usage Examples

• Adjective:
  • Ông ấy mắc bệnh viêm phế quản kinh niên. (He suffers from chronic bronchitis.)
  • Tắc đường là một vấn đề kinh niên ở thành phố lớn. (Traffic congestion is a chronic problem in big cities.)
  • Cô ấy là một bệnh nhân kinh niên. (She is a chronic patient.)

Advanced Usage

• The term often carries a nuance of something being ingrained, difficult to eradicate, and causing prolonged trouble.
• It can be used metaphorically for non-medical, persistent issues within systems, behaviors, or societies.

Variants and Related Words

• Mãn tính (adj): This is a more clinical synonym for "chronic," almost exclusively used for diseases.
  • Bệnh tiểu đường là một bệnh mãn tính. (Diabetes is a chronic disease.)

Synonyms

• Chronic: Long-lasting and persistent (primary synonym).
• Persistent: Continuing steadfastly.
• Inveterate: (For habits) Long-established and unlikely to change.

Related Idioms

• Bệnh kinh niên: A chronic disease. Often used figuratively to describe a persistent bad habit or recurring problem.
  • Sự trì hoãn của anh ta như một bệnh kinh niên. (His procrastination is like a chronic disease.)

1. chronic
   • Bị sốt rét kinh niên
     To be affected by chronic malaria