Definition

1. Verb:
   • To forgive, to pardon: "miễn thứ" means to officially or formally excuse someone for a fault, offense, or mistake, releasing them from blame or punishment. It implies a deliberate act of clemency.

Usage

• "miễn thứ" is a formal and somewhat literary verb. It is used to request or grant forgiveness, often in written contexts, formal apologies, or serious situations. It carries a weight of solemnity and is less common in casual, everyday speech than synonyms like "tha thứ".
• It is typically used with the structure: Xin (Subject) miễn thứ cho (Object) (Please (Subject) forgive (Object)).
• It can also be used in a declarative sentence: (Subject) miễn thứ cho (Object) ((Subject) forgives (Object)).

Usage Examples

• Verb:
  • Cháu dại dột, xin bác miễn thứ cho. (I was foolish, please forgive me, uncle.)
  • Nhà vua đã miễn thứ cho tất cả tù nhân chính trị. (The king pardoned all political prisoners.)
  • Xin ngài miễn thứ cho những sai sót không cố ý của chúng tôi. (We beg your pardon for our unintentional errors.)

Advanced Usage

• "Xin được miễn thứ": A very polite and formal way to ask for forgiveness.
  • Vì sự chậm trễ này, tôi thành khẩn xin được miễn thứ. (For this delay, I sincerely beg your pardon.)

Variants and Related Words

• Tha thứ (verb): To forgive. This is the more common, general term for forgiveness in modern Vietnamese.
• Thứ lỗi (verb): To pardon, to excuse. Often used in polite phrases like "Xin thứ lỗi" (Excuse me / I'm sorry).
• Miễn (verb): To exempt, to waive. The core meaning is to free someone from an obligation, which extends to "miễn thứ" as freeing from blame.
• Ân xá (verb): To amnesty, to grant a pardon (often used in legal or governmental contexts).

Synonyms

• Tha thứ: to forgive.
• Tha lỗi: to pardon a fault.
• Bỏ qua: to let it pass, to overlook.

Related Phrases

• Xin miễn thứ: to beg pardon.
• Lời xin miễn thứ: an apology, a plea for forgiveness.

Related Idioms

• Được miễn thứ: to be forgiven/pardoned.
  • Với lòng thành khẩn, anh ấy đã được miễn thứ. (With sincere remorse, he was forgiven.)

verb

1. to forgive, to pardon