mongolism
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Noun: A dated and now considered offensive medical term historically used to refer to a congenital disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. This genetic condition is characterized by distinctive physical features, such as a flat facial profile, and is associated with intellectual disability and developmental delays.
Usage
This term is considered pejorative and is no longer used in medical, educational, or respectful contexts. Its use is strongly discouraged.
Examples
- The term mongolism is an outdated and offensive label for what is now properly called Down syndrome.
- Modern genetics has replaced the term mongolism with the scientifically accurate and respectful term "trisomy 21" or "Down syndrome."
Advanced Usage
- Historical Context: The term originated from a now-discredited and offensive comparison of the physical features associated with the condition to the facial features of people from Mongolia. Its use reflects outdated and ethnocentric medical theories.
Variants and Related Words
- Down syndrome (n): The current, standard, and respectful term for the genetic condition.
- Trisomy 21 (n): The precise scientific term describing the chromosomal cause (three copies of chromosome 21).
- Down's syndrome (n): An alternative, commonly used form, especially in British English.
Synonyms
- Down syndrome
- Trisomy 21
Important Note on Usage
The word mongolism is classified as offensive. It is critical to use only the terms Down syndrome or trisomy 21 in all professional, academic, and personal communication. Using the outdated term is disrespectful to individuals with Down syndrome and their families.
Noun
- a congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st chromosome; results in a flat face and short stature and mental retardation