monism

Thân thiện

Monism is the philosophical view that all of reality is one unified substance.

Definition

Noun: 1. A philosophical doctrine: The belief or theory that all of reality is composed of, or can be explained by, a single fundamental substance, principle, or force. It asserts the unity of the universe and denies any fundamental division between mind and matter or between the physical and the spiritual.

Usage

• Monism is a technical term used primarily in philosophical and metaphysical discussions.
• It contrasts with dualism (which posits two fundamental substances, like mind and body) and pluralism (which posits many fundamental substances or principles).
• It is often modified by a prefix to specify the nature of the single substance, e.g., (everything is matter) or (everything is mind or spirit).

Examples

• The philosopher's argument for monism attempted to reduce all psychological events to physical processes in the brain.
• In his lecture, he explained how monism differs from traditional religious dualism.
• Some forms of Eastern philosophy advocate a kind of spiritual monism.

Advanced Usage

• Neutral Monism: A specific philosophical position which holds that the fundamental substance of reality is neither mental nor physical, but a neutral element from which both mind and matter are derived.

Variants and Related Words

• Monist (noun): A person who believes in or advocates monism.
  • As a monist, she rejected the idea of a separate soul.
• Monistic (adjective): Relating to or characterized by monism.
  • His theory presented a monistic view of the universe.

Synonyms

• Unitarianism (in a philosophical, non-religious context)
• Holism (in some specific philosophical contexts, emphasizing the whole over parts)

Antonyms

• Dualism
• Pluralism

Học thuật

Noun

1. the doctrine that reality consists of a single basic substance or element