oxidase
/'ɔksideis/
Definition
Noun: * An enzyme that catalyzes oxidation: An oxidase is a type of enzyme that facilitates or accelerates a biological oxidation reaction, typically involving the transfer of electrons to molecular oxygen (O₂) as the final electron acceptor.
Examples of Usage
- Noun:
- Cytochrome c oxidase is a crucial enzyme in the electron transport chain.
- The activity of the oxidase was measured in the laboratory experiment.
- A deficiency in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, an important oxidase, can lead to health issues.
Advanced Usage
- "Terminal oxidase": An enzyme that catalyzes the final step in an electron transport chain, directly reducing oxygen.
- In aerobic respiration, cytochrome c oxidase acts as the terminal oxidase.
- "Mixed-function oxidase": An enzyme system, often found in the liver, that catalyzes oxidation reactions where one atom of molecular oxygen is incorporated into the substrate.
- The cytochrome P450 system is a major group of mixed-function oxidases involved in drug metabolism.
Variants and Related Words
- Oxidize (verb): To combine with oxygen or to lose electrons in a chemical reaction.
- Iron will oxidize and form rust when exposed to air and water.
- Oxidation (noun): The chemical process in which a substance loses electrons or gains oxygen.
- The browning of an apple is a result of oxidation.
- Peroxidase (noun): A related enzyme that catalyzes oxidation reactions using hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) instead of molecular oxygen.
- Peroxidases are involved in breaking down hydrogen peroxide in cells.
Synonyms
- Oxidizing enzyme: A more descriptive synonym.
- Oxidoreductase: A broader class of enzymes to which oxidases belong; they catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions.
Related Phrases and Compounds
- Oxidase test: A microbiological test used to identify bacteria based on the presence of cytochrome c oxidase.
- The bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa after a positive oxidase test.
- Amino oxidase: An enzyme that oxidatively deaminates amines.
- Monoamine oxidase is an important amino oxidase in neurotransmitter regulation.
Noun
-
any of the enzymes that catalyze biological oxidation
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