Definition

Noun: 1. A general term for polytheistic or non-Abrahamic religious beliefs and practices: Paganism refers to a broad category of spiritual or religious traditions that are typically polytheistic, nature-oriented, or indigenous, and are distinct from the major monotheistic religions (Christianity, Judaism, Islam). 2. A state of holding such beliefs: The condition of being a pagan; adherence to a pre-Christian or non-mainstream religion.

Usage and Examples

• The study of ancient European paganism often focuses on Celtic, Norse, and Greco-Roman traditions.
• Some modern spiritual movements seek to revive forms of paganism that honor the earth and ancient deities.
• During the Roman Empire, Christianity gradually replaced traditional Roman paganism.

Advanced Usage and Notes

• The term "paganism" is often used historically to describe the pre-Christian religions of Europe. In contemporary use, it can refer to modern revival movements such as Wicca, Druidry, or Heathenry.
• It is frequently contrasted with the "world religions" of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. The term can sometimes carry a pejorative connotation when used from the perspective of these dominant faiths, implying "heathen" or "idolatrous" beliefs.
• "Neo-paganism" is a common variant specifying modern, reconstructed, or newly founded pagan religious movements.

Variants and Related Words

• Pagan (noun/adjective): A person who follows a pagan religion; relating to paganism. (e.g., , ).
• Neopaganism (noun): Modern pagan religious movements.
• Heathenism (noun): A near-synonym, often used specifically for ancient Germanic or Norse paganism.

Synonyms

• Heathenism
• Polytheism (though not all pagan traditions are strictly polytheistic)
• Animism (a related concept often found in pagan traditions)

Idioms and Phrases

• To return to paganism: To adopt or revert to pagan beliefs.
  • Some historians argue that certain folk practices represented a subtle return to paganism.

Noun

1. any of various religions other than Christianity or Judaism or Islamism